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Medical Immunology

Medical Immunology. Department of Immunology. Yiwei Chu ywchu@shmu.edu.cn. 2010-4-19. Medical Immunology. One of the six-year undergraduate professional courses Overview of the immune system, immune response and regulation, immune diseases Basic immunological theory (theory course)

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Medical Immunology

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  1. Medical Immunology Department of Immunology Yiwei Chu ywchu@shmu.edu.cn 2010-4-19

  2. Medical Immunology • One of the six-year undergraduate professional courses • Overview of the immune system, immune response and regulation, immune diseases • Basic immunological theory (theory course) • Immunochemical and cellular techniques (experimental course)

  3. Textbook • Textbook: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (Fifth Edition), Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman • Reference: Immunobiology (Sixth Edition), Charles A Janeway • Credit: Comprehensive evaluation combining the theory examination and the experimental report

  4. Department of Immunology • Established in the autumn of 1987, one of the first University Departments in the world devoted specifically to the study of the immune system. (Yale, in 1988) • A strong team with rich experiences in teaching and research

  5. Yiwei Chu Wei Xu Rui He Yunlu Lin Qing Lu Xiaowu Hong Haifeng Gao Bo Gao Department of Immunology

  6. Chapter 1 General Properties of Immune Responses

  7. 1. History of Immunology 2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity 3. Adaptive Immune Responses Content

  8. History of Immunology • IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT) • Derived from the Latin word • Protection from legal prosecution • Now, in medical terms, it denotes resistance to reinfection/free of disease.

  9. Thucydides (430 BC) History of Immunology • Plague of Athens • “Yet it was with those who had recovered from the disease that the sick and the dying found most compassion. These knew what it was from experience, and had now no fear for themselves; for the same man was never attacked twice - never at least fatally” • Resistance to re-infection-Immunity

  10. Define of Immunology IMMUNITY ---protection from disease (infectious disease) IMMUNE SYSTEM --- organ, cell, molecule and gene IMMUNE RESPNSE --- response to the foreign substances

  11. Define of Immunology IMMUNE FUNCTIONS ---immune defence (infectious disease) --- immune surveillance --- immune homeostasis

  12. Define of Immunity Immunity refers to mechanisms used by the body as protection against environmental agents that are foreign to the body • Microorganisms • Foods • Chemicals, Drugs, Pollen etc.

  13. History of Immunology Smallpox Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like and include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache, followed by a rash with flat red sores.

  14. History of Immunology Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great invention of medicine in ancient China.

  15. History of Immunology Edward Jenner(1749－1823) Edward Jenner memorial hall

  16. History of Immunology Preparation of smallpox

  17. History of Immunology • Edward Jenner • Chinese-Variolation • Prophylactic measure against Smallpox • 1798-Cow Pox/Vaccinia Induced Protection Against Small Pox-Vaccination • 2 Centuries to Eradicate Small Pox • Greatest Triumph in Modern Medicine

  18. History of Immunology The announcement by the WHO in 1980 that smallpox was the first disease that had been eradicated worldwide by a program of vaccination

  19. History of Immunology

  20. History of Immunology Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) 1880 Vaccine 1881 Vaccine to Anthrax 1885 Vaccine to Rabies

  21. Discovery of Humoral Immunity History of Immunology • 1890 von Behring and Kitasato: • Filtrates from cultures of Clost. tetani can confer protection. • Serotherapy • Serum of vaccinated people had substances that specifically bound to the relevant pathogen (ANTIBODIES) Emil Adolf von Behring, 1854-1917 A German bacteriologist

  22. History of Immunology 430 B.C. Thucydides People have been sicked free from illness Song dynasty A divine doctorEmei Mountain Variolation 1798Jenner Vaccination 1880Pasteur Attenuated chicken cholera vaccine 1890Behring/Kitasato Antitoxin ―Humoralimmunityhypothesis 1883Metchnikoff Endocytosis - Cytoimmunity hypothesis 1905Pirquet/SchickHorse serum sickness(Hypersensitivity) 1945Owen/Burnet Immune tolerance hypothesis 1959Burnet Clonal selection hypothesis

  23. History of Immunology

  24. WHAT is the immune system? • Complex defense system • Physiological function is to • Prevent infections • Eradicate established infections • Self/Nonself discrimination

  25. Who has an immune system? • ALL animals. • Vert-Invert systems: analogous • Various vert systems: homologous

  26. Who has an immune system?

  27. Severe Fungal Infection in a Fruit Fly.

  28. use preformed components to non-specifically clear the agent produce specific components directed against the agent How Does Immune System Work? foreign agent

  29. 1. History of Immunology 2. Innate and Adaptive Immunity 3. Adaptive Immune Responses Content

  30. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

  31. Physical and chemical barriers • Phagocytic cells and NK cells • Blood proteins • Cytokines Innate and Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity

  32. Innate and Adaptive Immunity Adaptive Immunity • Lymphocytes and their products • Antigen

  33. Innate and Adaptive Immunity

  34. Adaptive Immune Responses Cardinal Features Types Cellular Components Phases

  35. Types Adaptive Immune Responses • Humoral immunity • Cell-mediated immunity

  36. Types of Adaptive Immunity

  37. Yes (T cells) How can immunity be induced in an individual?

  38. Adaptive Immune Responses Cellular Components Cardinal Features Phases Types

  39. Adaptive Immune Responses

  40. Adaptive Immune Responses Phases Cellular Components Cardinal Features Types

  41. Cellular Components Adaptive Immune Responses • Lymphocytes - B, Th, CTL, NKT • Antigen-presenting cells(APCs) - DC, Mj, B • Effector cells- Activated T cells, mononuclear phagocytes

  42. Adaptive Immune Responses

  43. Adaptive Immune Responses Types Phases Cardinal Features Cellular Components

  44. Phases Adaptive Immune Responses • Recognition of antigen • Activation of lymphocytes • Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen • Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

  45. Adaptive Immune Responses

  46. Adaptive Immune Responses • Recognition of antigen • Activation of lymphocytes • Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen • Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

  47. Adaptive Immune Responses

  48. Adaptive Immune Responses • Recognition of antigen • Activation of lymphocytes • Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen • Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

  49. Adaptive Immune Responses • Antigen • Microbial products or components of innate immune responses to microbes

  50. Adaptive Immune Responses • Recognition of antigen • Activation of lymphocytes • Effector phase of immune responses: Elimination of antigen • Homeostasis: Decline of immune responses

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