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Patient Blood Management

Patient Blood Management. Blood Loss & Surgery. Cardiac surgery involves blood loss If you lose too much blood, you may need to receive a blood component or product This is called a transfusion That is why you signed a consent or refusal for transfusion in your surgeon’s office.

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Patient Blood Management

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  1. Patient Blood Management

  2. Blood Loss & Surgery • Cardiac surgery involves blood loss • If you lose too much blood, you may need to receive a blood component or product • This is called a transfusion • That is why you signed a consent or refusal for transfusion in your surgeon’s office

  3. Blood Transfusions • Everybody’s transfusion needs are different. • Your doctor will decide if transfusions are needed based on your individual case

  4. Parts of Blood (Blood Components) • Red Blood Cells; carry oxygen around your body • Platelets, Plasma and Cryoprecipitate help blood clot so that you will stop bleeding as you begin to heal

  5. Albumin Most patients receive albumin during or after surgery • a pool of plasma from approximately 10,000 blood donors is used to make albumin • Viral inactivation steps • Cold ethanol fractionation • Heat inactivation No reports of HIV, HCV, or other viruses transmitted through albumin

  6. Transfusions Have Risks • Blood transfusion = Blood transplant • Living cells from the donor are transfused into the patient • Blood is very carefully tested before it is administered to make transfusions as safe as possible (cont’d)

  7. Some Transfusion Risks are quite common but not considered serious Hives (itchy skin) 1 in 100 Fever 1 in 300 Heart Failure 1 in 100 • Let your nurse know right away if you become short of breath, itchy or uncomfortable in any way (cont’d)

  8. Some Transfusion Risks are less common but more serious if they do occur Red blood cell destruction (Hemolysis) Delayed 1 in 7,000 Acute 1 in 40,000 (wrong blood group) Serious Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis) 1 in 40,000 • You will be monitored closely for symptoms of these possible reactions (Cont’d)

  9. Some Transfusion Risks are more serious for some people than for others Infection in the bloodstream or tissue (Bacterial Sepsis) • this type of infection is very serious for people who cannot fight infections • After Platelet Transfusion Symptoms 1 in 10,000 Death 1 in 60,000 • After Red Blood Cell infusion Symptoms 1 in 250,000 Death 1 in 500,000 (Cont’d)

  10. Some Transfusion Risks are VERY unlikely, but very serious if they do occur Hepatitis B 1 in 1,700,000 Hepatitis C 1 in 6,700,000 Human TCLV 1 in 4,300,000 (Human T-Cell lymphotropic virus) HIV (AIDS) 1 in 8,000,000 (Human Immunodeficiency virus) West Nile Virus <1 in 1,000,000 Chagas Disease 1 in 4,000,000 • Fear of the Unknown i.e. Mad Cow Disease, Babesiosis

  11. There will always be risks associated with transfusions BUT • transfusions are safer than they have ever been AND • transfusions are only administered when absolutely necessary

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