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Cool Facts About Auditory Displays!

Cool Facts About Auditory Displays!. March 29th 2007 speaker: Martin Talbot. 1. Definition. Auditory Display is the use of non-speech sound to present information Auditory Display can be built by means of Sonification or Audification techniques. 2. Audification.

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Cool Facts About Auditory Displays!

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  1. Cool Facts About Auditory Displays! • March 29th 2007 • speaker: Martin Talbot 1

  2. Definition • Auditory Display is the use of non-speech sound to present information • Auditory Display can be built by means of Sonification or Audification techniques 2

  3. Audification • Definition: A direct translation of a data waveform to the audible domain for purposes of monitoring and comprehension. • Examples: Seismogram 3

  4. Sonification • Definition: The use of data to control a soundparameter for the purpose of monitoring and analysis of the data • Commonly implies using different synthesis methods • Examples: Morse Code 4

  5. Sound Parameters • Definition: The individual dimensions of sound. Sounds are defined by pitch, loudness, timbre, envelope, duration, speed, modulation, location in space... • Perceptually, these sound parameters are not necessarily orthogonal to one another: i.e., altering one dimension may affect our perception of other sound parameters 5

  6. 2 Type of Sonifications • Auditory Icons: are natural sounds whose natural associations are used to map with the data. E.g. OS X’s Trash can sound. • Earcons: are abstract, musical tones used in structured combinations to create sound messages. E.g. Jaws 6

  7. Putting Things in Perspective 7

  8. Motivations for Auditory Information • Visual system is overloaded, may be occupied, or unavailable • Has superior ability to perceive temporal change and patterns • Parallel listening • Affords microstructure to be perceived; so it can rapidly perceive large amounts of data 8

  9. Success Stories • Seismology • Geiger counter • Sonar • Morse code • Pulse-Oximeter 9

  10. Common Applications of Sonifications • Information Systems for the blind • Process Monitoring Application • Human Computer Interfaces • Alternative to visual displays • Exploratory Data Analysis 10

  11. Design • Same Gestalt principles apply with sounds, for instance: • Similarity • Proximity • Good Continuation • Belongingness • Common fate 11

  12. Design (2) • point estimation: where the user must determine the specific “y” value corresponding to a given “x” value 12

  13. Design Most Common Issues • Context, mental model, polarity, unbalanced displays... sound frequencies (Hz) time (s) 13

  14. Possible solutions: Dynamic Beacons 14

  15. Can we Convey Spatial Information with Auditory Displays? • Short answer: yes • Long answer: well, ... 15

  16. Theory of Hearing • Sound localization is a function of pitch • Timbre discrimination is a function of pitch • The Place theory 16

  17. first, let’s listen to this complex sound voltage one period time 17

  18. sound composition summation 1*500 Hz 2*500 Hz 3*500 Hz 4*500 Hz 5*500 Hz 18

  19. Recap: pitch theory http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/ear.swf 19

  20. Sound localization 20

  21. The Mechanics of Sound Localization • Azimuth cue: • Duplex theory • Elevation cue: • Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) 21

  22. Azimuth Cues: • Duplex Theory interaural time difference interaural level difference 22

  23. Duplex Theory • azimuth cues: • duplex theory 23

  24. Duplex Theory • azimuth cues: • duplex theory 24

  25. Elevation Cue • Elevation Cue: • Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) 25

  26. HRTF • Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) 26

  27. HRTF 27

  28. HRTF Capture 28

  29. 29

  30. HRTF Most Common Models • Three popular methods to use HRTF • individual • generic • best-fit 30

  31. So, can we Convey Spatial Information with Auditory Displays? Yes we can, but in practice elevation information is difficult to convey, since everyone has different pinnae shapes (like everyone has different fingerprints). 31

  32. Demos 32

  33. Interesting Research papers • “the sonification of EMG data” s. pauletto & a. hunt • “pattern in auditory design” c. frauenberger, t. stockman) • “tangible data scanning sonification model” T. Bovermann,et al. 33

  34. demo # 1 biofeedback: bioelectric signal & electromiography 34

  35. The sonification of EMG data the university of york, uk 35

  36. demo # 2 menus for four well known application types were implemented. 36

  37. file edit format window help font text align left justify pattern in auditory design Queen Mary University of London 37

  38. Last Demo (#3) multimodal: user is immersed in a 3D space of invisible but acoustically active data points activated by tangible computing 38

  39. tangible data scanning sonification model bielefeld university, germany 39

  40. ICAD • International Conference on Auditory Displays • http://www.icad.org/ 40

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