1 / 44

Chordates An Introduction

Chordates An Introduction. Kingdom Animalia - All inverts & verts Phylum Chordata : All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla : A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord

lazaro
Télécharger la présentation

Chordates An Introduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chordates An Introduction

  2. Kingdom Animalia- All inverts & verts • Phylum Chordata: All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla : • A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord • B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka amphioxus). Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but “muscle- like” for burrowing • C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7 Classes

  3. Concept Map Notochord Dorsal hollownerve cord Postanaltail Pharyngealgill slips/ pouches Section 33-1 Chordates have the followingkey features which is A flexiblesupportingstructure

  4. Chordates

  5. Phylum Chordata

  6. Phylum Chordata • Notochord • Gill slits or pharyngeal pouches • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Postanal tail • Segmented muscles • Deuterostome

  7. Evolutionary Adaptations of Chordates • From filter feeding ancestors to active predators • Mobility • Oxygen capture • Digestion • Circulation • Nervous system

  8. Skeletal Changes • Skeleton becomes stronger to work with bigger muscles • Allows more rapid movement

  9. Oxygen Capture • Gill slit and muscular pharynx will move more water over gills • More oxygen is extracted from water

  10. Circulation • Stronger heart to circulate blood faster

  11. Digestion • Digest more food • Muscularized gut • Digestive glands • Liver • Pancreas

  12. Nervous System • More complex for better • Motor control of body to capture food • Sensory detection of the animals environment • Integration centers (brain)

  13. Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain Brain With Three Parts

  14. Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates Nonvertebrate chordates Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Section 33-1

  15. Chordate Cladogram Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fishes Nonvertebratechordates Invertebrate ancestor

  16. Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates Section 33-1 Nonvertebrate chordates (4%) Mammals (8%) Birds (18%) Fishes (47%) Reptiles (14%) Amphibians (9%)

  17. Chordate Subphyla Phylum. Chordata Subphylum. Urochordata Subphylum. Cephalochordata Subphylum. Vertebrata

  18. Sea Squirts

  19. Subphylum Urochordata • Sea squirts • Gill slits (pharyngeal slits) • Notochord • Only in larva • Adult has tunic- made of cellulose, sessile • http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/1-2-behold-the-tunicates/

  20. Subphylum Cephalochordata • Amphioxus • Notochord length of body • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Gill slits • Segmented muscles • Maintain all chordate characteristics as adult

  21. Amphioxus

  22. Amphioxus

  23. Subphylum Vertebrata: All Vertebrates have: • Closed circulatory system • Bilateral symmetry • True coelom • 3 germ layers • Endoskeleton- backbone • Sexual reproduction- internal or external

  24. Homeostasis • Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp. regulation that must be maintained Ex. Birds & Mammals • Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp. regulation/ regulated by environment Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles

  25. Temperature Control in Chordates Section 33-2 Body Temperature (°C) Environmental Temperature (°C) 98.6 F- avg human temp

  26. How vertebrates maintain their temperature

  27. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Agnatha “Jawless” Fish (most primitive): Traits: -Sucker like mouth(no jaws) -No fins or paired appendages -Cartilage skeleton w/ notochord Ex: lamprey & hagfish

  28. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish Traits: Cartilage skeleton; 2 chambered heart Lateral line system –detect vibrations (movement & sense) Paired appendages- pectoral and pelvic girdles Poor eyesight, great olfactory Carnivorous or scavenger, no swim bladder Ex: sharks, skates, rays

  29. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Osteichthyes- Bony Fish Traits: Bony skeleton; 2 chambered heart Lateral line system/movement & sense Swim bladder-control depth (buoyancy) Have operculum over gills Good smell and eyesight Ex: perch, bass, flounder

  30. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Traits: 1st land vertebrates 3 chambered heart Breath with skin/lungs Need water to breed Aquatic larvae; terrestrial adult No scales or claws Ex: frogs, toads, & salamanders

  31. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Traits: Imperfect 4 chambered heart Dry, scaly skin Breathe with lungs Lay amniotic eggs Ex: snake, turtle, lizards crocodile, dinosaurs

  32. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves-birds Traits: Down feathers for insulation Air sacs/hollow bones make bird lighter Lungs to breathe 4 chambered heart Beak & feet adapted for food/habitat Internal fert.,Lay amniotic eggs

  33. Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Have fur/hair • mammary glands • Length of time in uterus - gestation period • Give birth to live young (except monotremes) • 4 chambered heart • Diaphragm • Specialized teeth

  34. Placental Mammals: *Develop inside uterus *Ex: people(primates), cats, dogs (carnivores) • Marsupials: *Develop inside pouch *Ex: kangaroos, opossums • Monotremes: *Lay eggs Ex: platypus ,echidna

  35. Other placental orders • Chiroptera-bats; only mammals that can fly; nocturnal • Rodentia-gnawing mammals with long incisor teeth. Ex: rats, squirrels, porcupines, rabbits • Insectivora-long snout. Ex: shrews, moles • Cetacea-Whales, dolphins

  36. Terms to know • Imprinting • Migration • Hibernation • Estivation • Oviparous • Viviporous • Oviviviporous

  37. Evolution • Change over time • Which Chordate class do you think has more advantages/adaptations to survive changing times? • Which classes have disadvantages? • Which Chordate classes can you see evolutionary similarities in so far?

More Related