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French Explorers in Canada pages 51-59

French Explorers in Canada pages 51-59. Jacques Cartier. Influenced by the Spanish and British expeditions, King Henry II of France sponsored an Italian Navigator named Giovanni da Verrazano to exlpore the coast of North America.

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French Explorers in Canada pages 51-59

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  1. French Explorers in Canadapages 51-59

  2. Jacques Cartier • Influenced by the Spanish and British expeditions, King Henry II of France sponsored an Italian Navigator named Giovanni da Verrazano to exlpore the coast of North America. • The King wanted da Verrazano to “connect the dots” between Columbus’s find in the south, to Cabot’s find in the north. • Ten years later, the King sponsored another expedition and Jacques Cartier to find a passage through North America to Asia.

  3. Jacques Cartier • It was said that in this passage, they would discover lands and islands where a great quantity of gold and other precious things could be found. • He gave Cartier the power to claim any and all of these lands for France.

  4. First Encounters • On June 24, 1534, Cartier had his first encounter with a Mi’kmaq person. (page 52) • On July 6, 1534, Cartier recorded an encounter near Gaspe Peninsula with some people of Stadacona. (page 53)

  5. A difficult Winter • During his second voyage, ice caused Cartier to spend the winter at Stadacona in a camp next to the settlement. • Cartier was worried they may attack him for his previous visit to Hochelaga against their wishes. • Cartier’s crew became sick with scurvy, but he tried to hide this from the people of Stadacona. • They found out anyway and gave them a tea rich in Vitamin C made from the needles of the white cedar tree.

  6. A Difficult Winter • The following spring, one of Cartier’s crew members wrote a report about his interactions with a First Nations person named Donnacona. • Cartier had taken Donnacona and four other people back to France to tell the King about the wonders seen in the west. • Donnacona assured them that there were immense quantities of gold, rubies and rich things in the west. • All of the people Cartier took to France died because of their poor immunity to European diseases.

  7. Cartier Raises a Cross on Gaspe Peninsula • This primary source is taken from Cartier’s journal. It shows that Cartier deliberately misled the Stadaconans. Can you find the “fib”? • Cartier says he raised a cross as a “landmark.” Historians agree that in the 1500’s, raising a cross or a flag was a standard way for Europeans to claim land. • Why didn’t Cartier explain the real reason for the cross?

  8. Samuel de Champlain • For 50 years after Cartier, France did not sponsor any new expeditions but continued to fund the fishing and trade in the new land. • Samuel de Champlain came to the new land (Canada) three times: • 1603 – he explored the St. Lawrence River and visited Tadoussac (an Innu trading centre) • 1604 – established the first French colony in North America (Port-Royal) • 1608 – established a settlement at Quebec (where Stadacona once stood)

  9. Samuel de Champlain • Chaplain could establish a new settlement at Stadacona because it no longer existed. • Reasons are scarce, but according to Cariter’s journal, the Stadaconans were in conflict with another First Nations group (Haudenosaunee). • Another reason may have been that the Stadaconans were dying of the Smallpox virus • From this settlement at Quebec, Champlain traveled into the interior of North America.

  10. Investigating Champlain’s Diary • Read the excerpts from Champlain’s diary and answer the following questions: • Why did Champlain come on the voyages to Canada? • What did he accomplish? • Who paid for the voyage? • How did they pay for it? What arrangements were made? • Who helped Champlain explore? • What help did they give him?

  11. Investigating Champlain’s Diary • Why did Champlain come on the voyages to Canada? • To find a route to Asia (China) • To support the conversion of non-Christians to Catholicism • To establish settlements • What did he accomplish? • The colony of Port-Royal in 1604 • The colony of Quebec in 1608

  12. Investigating Champlain’s Diary • Who paid for the voyage? • The French monarchy put up some money • Sieur de Monts (a wealthy nobleman) also gave money • How did they pay for them? What arrangements were made? • The French monarchy offered Sieur de Monts exclusive trading rights in the areas he settled.

  13. Investigating Champlain’s Diary • Who helped Champlain explore? • The particular First Nations are not clear from the journal but probably included members of the Mi’kmaq, Innu, Kichesiprini and Ouendat First Nations • What help did they give him? • Transportation (canoes) • Knowledge of the land • Probably provisions during extended expeditions

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