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panoramic viewfinder

panoramic viewfinder. patrick baudisch desney tan, drew steedly, eric rudolph, matt uyttendaele, chris pal, and richard szeliski microsoft research OZCHI 2005. Preview: overall area covered so far. Cropping frame : this area will survive cropping.

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panoramic viewfinder

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  1. panoramic viewfinder patrick baudisch desney tan, drew steedly,eric rudolph, matt uyttendaele,chris pal, and richard szeliski microsoft research OZCHI 2005 Preview: overall area covered so far Cropping frame: this area will survive cropping Viewfinder: what the camera sees right now

  2. preview cropping frame viewfinder summary ultra portable PC + web cam

  3. stitching photos intoa panorama from photos [Teodosio & Bender, 1993] from video [Irani and Anandan, 1998]

  4. stitching: allows taking wide-angle pictures

  5. ... getting hi-res photos

  6. but sometimesit goes wrong…

  7. but sometimesit goes wrong… • missing content (65% respondents) • tricky because of perspective projections • ghosting (88% respondents) • hard to detect • stitching failed (38% respondents) • lack of overlap, of texture, of focus • when users notice flaws it is too late

  8. panoramicviewfinder

  9. Preview: overall area covered so far Cropping frame: this area will survive cropping Viewfinder: what the camera sees right now user interface

  10. walkthrough: goal building 115 building 114

  11. walkthrough

  12. post-processing • restitching • upload photo to PC • restitch using our high-quality offline stitcher  maximum image quality

  13. post-processing • auto cropping to rectangular shape • all desired content is preserved •  cropping frame guarantees this • or manual cropping

  14. live demo…

  15. dealing with stitching failure • if user moves camera too quickly (or lack of texture) • viewfinder remains stationary • but continues to update • turns red, error sound • to fix the problem • pan camera back halfways inside panorama • and take an additional shot • or zoom out • alert ends when next match is found

  16. the real-timecropping frame...

  17. 1. shoot the desired scene elements 2. fill the bounding boxaround these elements …is the key component cropping frame tells users when they are done  it is the focus of the user’s attention (traditional: viewfinder is focus of attention)

  18. interaction • requirements • goal: make sure we have enough content • too much content is ok • resulting design: control cropping frame indirectly by adding content • no resize handles! • users can focus on pointing camera • interaction transfers to consumer camera

  19. what it does not do • for artistic reasons, user may want to crop • cannot crop panorama while shooting • crop offline, with all other photos

  20. related work

  21. related work • stitch arbitrary order and arrangement [Szeliski & Shum ‘97] • real-time [Peleg and Herman, 1997]

  22. our focus • user interface • preview to help users create successful panorama • match the interaction model of existing digital cameras  allow port to existing camera interaction mechanisms

  23. we made 4-way assist can’t fill area HP Photosmart R707 stitch in camera layback modestill need to retake panorama • take content in any ordercan add content post-hoc stitch assist canon powershot S230 only horizontal

  24. chameleon[Fitzmaurice 1993] peep-hole displays[Yee 2003] paintable interfaces[Baudisch 1998] related work on interaction tiltable interfaces[Rekimoto 1996]

  25. implementation

  26. computing panorama • written in C, frontend GDI+ and DirectX9 • feature-based stitching [Brown et al 92] • uses same libraries as off-line stitcher • extracting multi-scale oriented patches • matching with previous image • estimating camera orientation • warping image • Difference: keep existing panorama unchanged • benefit: faster (~ constant time) • drawback: more accumulation error

  27. capture modes • “video mode” • accumulates calibration error (Sawney et al. ’98) • “auto mode” • snap picture only when necessary • “manual mode” • best control, avoid motion blur

  28. computing cropping frame • naive: O(n4), but we do it in ~ O(n2) • step 1: downsample image by factor 4 • step 2: for each pixel • compute hor and vert spans • step 3: for each pixel • upper bound = hor span x vert span • if (upper bound < current max) move on • else traverse down length of horizontalspan starting at this pixel

  29. future work &conclusion

  30. future: user study... • as soon as we have a more reliable stitcher • consider mocking-up stitcher to simulate 100% reliability

  31. Losing track  breaks the flow • Even with perfect stitcher there will be stitching failures • We need to be able to lose track without breaking the flow

  32. vs. stitching • Offline stitcher • Panoramic viewfinder • Asynchronous stitcher code editing • Batch compiler • Forced syntax • Curly underlines

  33. Last frame added to the panorama Panorama: largest sub panorama created so far 1 2 Viewfinder: what thecamera sees right now Burst buffer: # pictures taken, but not processed Recycle buffer: # of frames not yet matched

  34. future: form factor…

  35. future • start thinking about using cameras in mobile phones as pointing devices

  36. conclusions • one step closer to makingprocess of taking panoramic picturessimilar toprocess of taking normal photos

  37. read more & try out patrickbaudisch.com/projects

  38. END

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