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FRUCTOSE

FRUCTOSE. Source : Fruits, honey. Sugar : disaccharide of glucose and fructose Fructose infuse available in the market Some of fructose is converted to glucose in small intestine

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FRUCTOSE

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  1. FRUCTOSE • Source : Fruits, honey. • Sugar : disaccharide of glucose and fructose • Fructose infuse available in the market • Some of fructose is converted to glucose in small intestine • Fructose undergoes more rapid glycolysis in the liver than does glucose, because it by passes the regulatory step catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1

  2. Fructokinase, in liver, kidney, and intestine, catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose 1-phosphate. Its activity is not affected by fasting or by insulin, which may explain why fructose is cleared from the blood of diabetic patients at a normal rate.

  3. Fructose 1-phosphate is cleaved to D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphateby aldolase B, an enzyme found in the liver, which also functions in glycolysis in the liver by cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. D-Glyceraldehyde enters glycolysis via phosphorylation to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catalyzed by triokinase.

  4. The two triose phosphates, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, may either be degraded by glycolysis or may be substrates for aldolase and hence gluconeogenesis, which is the fate of much of the fructose metabolized in the liver.

  5. D Glucose D Sorbitol D Glucose 6P D Fructose 6P D Fructose D Fructose 1P D Fructose 1,6 BP DHAP D Glyceraldehyde D Glyceraldehyde 3P

  6. Patient with DM, high blood glucose eye lens. Glucose  sorbitol. Sorbitol can not escape eye lens  cataract Sorbitol can be converted to fructose in epididymis (seminal fluid), and in the liver.

  7. SORBITOL • Taken orally can not be absorbed. • In the colon metabolized by bacteria. • H2 gas, and short fatty acids release in the right amount will increase peristalsis movement. • Combine with Fe to prevent obstipation. • Taken in excess can cause abdominal pain.

  8. GALACTOSE • Galactose is derived from intestinal hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose, the sugar of milk. It is readily converted in the liver to glucose. • Galactose is required in the body in the formation of lactose, as a constituent of • glycolipids (cerebrosides), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. • In the synthesis of lactose in the mammary gland, UDPGal condenses with glucose to yield lactose, catalyzed by lactose synthase • Galactose is not essential in the diet • (glucose can be converted to galactose)

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