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Research Techniques of Neuroscience

Research Techniques of Neuroscience. Lecture 5. Studying the Brain & Behavior. Anatomy & behavior Damage  behavior changes Structural differences  behavior Activity & behavior Behavior  record activity Change activity  behavior? Correlation vs experimentation causality ~.

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Research Techniques of Neuroscience

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  1. Research Techniques of Neuroscience Lecture 5

  2. Studying the Brain & Behavior • Anatomy & behavior • Damage  behavior changes • Structural differences  behavior • Activity & behavior • Behavior  record activity • Change activity  behavior? • Correlation vs experimentation • causality ~

  3. Brain Damage & Behavior • Correlate • area damaged  behavioral change • trepanation • Broca’s aphasia • Clinical Neuropsychology • Problems: variability • location of damage • spared behaviors/abilities • post mortem ~

  4. Brain Damage & Behavior • Experimental ablation • Lesion brain  behavior change? • Karl Lashley • search for ingram (memory trace) • concluded function not localized • Problems • multiple areas involved • may lesion tracts passing through ~

  5. Anatomy & Behavior: Modern Techniques • CAT (CT) scan • computer axial tomography • x-rays of brain • Advantages • noninvasive • patient still alive • Disadvantages • same causality problems • resolution ~

  6. Anatomy & Behavior: Modern Techniques • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • anatomy • higher resolution than CAT • spinning H atoms ~

  7. Normal Brain Differences • Imaging • Staining • Radio-isotope labeling • Sex differences • sexual dimorphism • hypothalamus • corpus callosum • planum temporale ~

  8. Normal Brain Differences • Hypothalamus • Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus - SDN • Male vs female sexual behavior ~

  9. Brain Activity & Behavior • Record activity during behavior • EEG • electroencephalograph • reads electrical activity of brain

  10. Brain Activity & Behavior • PET scan • Positron Emission Tomography • metabolic activity • radioactive 2-deoxyglucose • Disadvantages • spatial/temporal resolution • correlational ~

  11. Brain Activity & Behavior : fMRI • Functional MRI • detects increases in oxygen use • Advantages • anatomy & activity • High resolution spatial & temporal • Disadvantages • correlational ~

  12. Brain Activity & Behavior • Change activity  change behavior? • Electrical Stimulation of Brain (ESB) • Fritz & Hitzig • Olds & Milner • Advantage • experimental • Disadvantage • invasive ~

  13. Brain Activity & Behavior • Change activity  change behavior? • Electrical Stimulation of Brain (ESB) • Fritz & Hitzig • Olds & Milner • neurosurgery • Advantage • experimental • Disadvantage • invasive ~

  14. Brain Activity & Behavior • Experimental Psychopharmacology • chemically change activity • learn about drugs • or use drugs to learn about brain & behavior • Block dopamine receptor • movement effects? • learning effects? • Combine with behavioral tests ~

  15. Brain Activity & Behavior • Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine • effects on learning?

  16. Brain Activity & Behavior • Cellular imaging • radioactive labeling • similar idea to PET • Cellular changes during learning • role of Ca++ ions ~

  17. Genetic Techniques • Knock-out Mice • Genes • change microanatomy • alter function • Disable gene  no protein • receptor, enzyme, etc • evaluate effect on behavior • Obesity • Alcoholism ~

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