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Behavioral Views of Learning

Behavioral Views of Learning. Woolfolk , A. (2006). Educational psychology (11th Ed.). Allyn bacon (Ch.6 p.198-206). Objectives. What is learning according to behavioral psychology according to Skinner? From a behavioral perspective how should teaching be carried out?

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Behavioral Views of Learning

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  1. Behavioral Views of Learning Woolfolk, A. (2006). Educational psychology (11th Ed.). Allynbacon (Ch.6 p.198-206)

  2. Objectives • What is learning according to behavioral psychology according to Skinner? • From a behavioral perspective how should teaching be carried out? • What are your thoughts about Skinner’s behaviorism? Do you agree or not? • What are some real life examples of Skinner’s operant conditioning?

  3. Basic assumptions of behaviorism • Everything is learned • Non-mentality • The mechanisms of learning is the same for all creatures including humans.

  4. Behavioral Theories of Education Behaviorism Classical Conditioning/Law of Effect Operant Conditioning Pavlov (1849~1936) Skinner (1904~1990) http://www.fotopedia.com/items/soleils-S82idIc5wY0 http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg

  5. Early Explanations of Learning: Contiguity and Classical Conditioning • Classical Conditioning • Stimulus  Response • Learning of involuntary emotional or physiological responses • Humans and Animals can be trained to react involuntarily

  6. Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) 스크린 먹이접시 기록계 비이커 PavlovLearning is the result of the association of an Conditional stimulus to an unconditional stimulus.

  7. Unconditioned Response (UCR) Saliva Conditioned Response(CR) Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) X Sound of bell (Neutral Stimulus) Before conditioning Food(Unconditioned S) UCS During Sound of bell (Neutral Stimulus) Repetition Saliva Food(Unconditioned S) UCS After Sound of bell (Conditioned Stimulus) CS Saliva

  8. Operant Conditioning (Skinner) http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Boite_skinner.jpg

  9. Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses • Learning by strengthening voluntary behaviors • Antecedents • Behavior (Operant) • Consequences (Reinforcers)

  10. Operant Conditioning • Reinforcement alwaysincreases a desired behavior • Punishment alwaysdecreases an undesired behavior

  11. Operant Conditioning: Trying New Responses • Learning by strengthening voluntary behaviors • Positive Reinforcement • Increases a behavior by adding a desired consequence • Negative Reinforcement • Increases a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus • Punishment • Presentation • Removal

  12. Putting It All Together: Behavioral Approaches To Teaching And Management • Individualized instruction • Contingency Contracts • Token Reinforcements • Important to be sure that teaching methods and practices are accurate

  13. Limitations • Can it explain complex human behavior? • Learning = Behavior?

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