SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION

1. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION • What do summaries, paraphrases, and quotes allow writers to do? • They are 3 ways of incorporating other writers' ideas into your own writing.

2. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION • How do summaries, paraphrases, and quotes differ from one another? • They differ according to the similarity of your writing to the source writing. • They differ according to the level of specificity in communicating the ideas of the source writing.

3. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION • A Summary: • Is a general restatement of the main idea of a passage. • Is the most general of the three techniques. • Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you do not distort its meaning. • Uses your own original wording and sentence structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. • Is much shorter in length than the original. • Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. • A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last name and the page number(s) of the borrowed material in parentheses. For example: (Smith 12).

4. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION • A Paraphrase: • Is a precise restatement of a short passage—usually no more than a sentence or two. • Is more specific than summary, but more general than a quotation • Requires that you clearly understand the original passage so you do not distort its meaning. • Uses your own original wording and sentence structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism. • Is usually very close to the same length as the original passage. • Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.

5. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, & QUOTATION • A Quotation: • Is identical to the original—word for word. • Is the most specific of the three techniques, but should be used the least. • Should never stand by itself as a complete sentence (known as a “floating quote”). Instead, integrate every quote into a sentence of your own. • Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.