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Evidence-Based Practices that promote effective skill acquisition

Evidence-Based Practices that promote effective skill acquisition. Prepared by James Drew, Dulles High School. THE TALENT CODE. GREATNESS ISN’T BORN. IT’S GROWN. HERE’S HOW. By DANIEL COYLE. SKILL.

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Evidence-Based Practices that promote effective skill acquisition

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  1. Evidence-Based Practices that promote effective skill acquisition Prepared by James Drew, Dulles High School

  2. THE TALENT CODE GREATNESS ISN’T BORN. IT’S GROWN. HERE’S HOW. By DANIEL COYLE

  3. SKILL “SKILL IS A CELLULAR INSULATION THAT WRAPS NEURAL CIRCUITS AND THAT GROWS IN RESPONSE TO CERTAIN SIGNALS.”

  4. DEEP PRACTICE PART I

  5. THE SWEET SPOT • DEEP PRACTICE IS BASED ON THE PARADOX THAT STRUGGLING IN CERTAIN TARGETED WAYS, WHERE YOU MAKE MISTAKES, MAKES YOU SMARTER. • THE EXPERIENCES WHERE YOU ARE FORCED TO SLOW DOWN, MAKE ERRORS AND CORRECT THEM TURNS INTO SKILL. • IT’S THE STRUGGLE THAT MAKES THE DIFFERENCE! • CONTRARY TO THE INTUITION OF “TALENT”, PRACTICE IS THE WAY TO FORGE ABILITY. • “THINGS THAT APPEAR TO BE OBSTACLES TURN OUT TO BE DESIREABLE IN THE LONG HAUL.”

  6. INSTALLING NATURAL BROADBAND • EVERY HUMAN MOVEMENT, THOUGHT OR FEELING IS A PRECISELY TIMED ELECTRICAL SIGNAL TRAVELING THROUGH A CHAIN OF NEURONS. • MYELIN IS THE INSULATION THAT WRAPS NEURONS AND INCREASES SPEED, STRENGTH AND ACCURACY OF SIGNALS, AND • THE MORE A CIRCUIT IS FIRED, THE MORE MYELIN OPTIMIZES THE CIRCUIT, AND THE MORE FLUENT, STRONGER, AND FASTER MOVEMENTS AND THOUGHTS BECOME.

  7. TWO AXIOMS OF MYELINATION: • ALL ACTIONS ARE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES FIRED ALONG CHAINS OF NEURONS. • THE MORE WE DEVELOP A NEURAL CIRCUIT, THE LESS WE ARE AWARE WE ARE USING IT. • THE BEST WAY TO BUILD A GOOD CIRCUIT IS TO FIRE IT, ATTEND TO MISTAKES, THEN FIRE IT AGAIN, OVER AND OVER. STRUGGLE IS NOT AN OPTION: IT’S A BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENT. • WHEN WE USE THE TERM “MUSCLE MEMORY”, WE ARE ACTUALLY TALKING ABOUT NEURAL CIRCUITS.

  8. PRACTICE MAKES MYELIN • OLIGODENDROCYTES ARE THE CELLS IN THE BRAIN THAT WRAP AROUND THE NEURONS MULTIPLE TIMES TO CREATE A LAYER OF INSULATION, OR WHITE MATTER. “WE ARE MYELIN BEINGS.” FOUR PRINCIPLES: • FIRING THE CURCUIT IS PARAMOUNT • MYELIN IS UNIVERSAL • MYELIN WRAPS; IT DOESN’T UNWRAP. • AGE MATTERS. 30-50-5%

  9. THREE RULES OF DEEP PRACTICE RULE 1: CHUNK IT UP • Part 1: Absorb the Whole Thing • Take the task as a whole – one big chunk – a mega-circuit. Listen to it. Imitate it. See the big picture. • Part 2: Break It Up into the Smallest Possible Chunks • Make small fragments. Memorize them. Then, link them together into progressively larger groups. • Part 3: Play with Time • Slow it down, then speed it up to learn the inner architecture. “It’s not how fast you can do it; it’s how slow you can do it correctly.” “Experts practice more strategically.”

  10. THREE RULES OF DEEP PRACTICE RULE 2: REPEAT IT • Repetition is invaluable and irreplaceable, with some caveats: • Stay in the sweet spot: the edge of your abilities. • 3 – 5 hours of daily deep practice is the human limit. • World-class skill requires 10,000 hours of deep practice (3 hours of deep practice per day for 10 years).

  11. THREE RULES OF DEEP PRACTICE RULE 3: LEARN TO FEEL IT • “To avoid the mistakes, first you have to feel them immediately.” “An out-of-tune note should bother you…a lot.” • Experts describe their most productive practice with the following descriptive words: attention; connection; build; alert; whole; focus; mistake; repeat; tiring; edge; awake. • The following words were never used as descriptors: effortless; natural; routine; automatic; and never, genius.

  12. IGNITION PART II

  13. TALENT HOTBEDS • A break-through success often was followed by a massive boom in talent. • South Korean golfers on the LPGA • Russian women in the WTA. • Brazilian soccer stars • Curaçao Little League Baseball Champions • Brontë sisters • Meadowmount Music Academy in the New York Adirondacks • Next possible talent hotbed: Venezuelan Classical Musicians – Gustavo Dudamel

  14. A TINY, POWERFUL IDEA • Progress is not determined by aptitude or hours of practice, but by long-term commitment to the task. • Perception of self: “I am a musician.”

  15. FLIPPING THE TRIGGER • I want X later, so I better do Y like crazy right now! • Primal Cue: triggers motivation, fueling energy and attention toward a goal. • Most effective primal cues involve future belonging to an esteemed group. • “Those people over there are doing something terrifically worthwhile.” • It’s usually visual. • Pursuing a goal, having motivation, predates consciousness

  16. SCROOGE PRINCIPLE • The unconscious mind holds mental energy until primal cues trigger its release. • Most talent hotbeds are junky, unattractive places. Nice, pleasant environments tent to shut off effort. • Parental-Loss Club: Julius Caesar, Napoleon, 15 British Prime Ministers, Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Clinton, Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Gandhi, Newton, Michelangelo, Bach, Handel, Keats, Byron, Dostoyevsky, Emerson, Melville, Nietzsche, Twain. • Orphans’ Primal Cue: the world is not safe.

  17. PRIMAL CUES • Of the eight fastest men in the 100-meter dash, none of them were firstborn, only one was born in the first half of his family’s birth order, and the average was fourth in families of 4.6 children. • Primal Cue: you’re behind – keep up. • Ignition and Primal Cues: • Skill requires deep practice; and • Deep practice requires vast amounts of energy; and • Primal cues trigger huge outpourings of energy.

  18. TALENT HOTBEDS AND PRIMAL CUES • Talent hotbeds possess more than just a single primal cue. There is a complex collection of signals – people, images and ideas – that keep ignition going for weeks, months and years that skill-growing requires. • Examples: • Soccer players from São Paulo, Brazil • Renaissance artisans from Florence, Italy • KIPP Academies throughout the USA. • Septien Vocal Studio in Dallas, Texas • Spartak Tennis Club in Moscow, Russia

  19. THE NATURE OF THE SWITCH • It is either “on” or “off”. • It is usually triggered by words. • High motivational language is not what ignites people. (“You are the best!”) It’s the opposite. Not reaching up, but reaching down, speaking to ground-level effort and affirming the struggle. • Not empty praise; praising effort at improvement.

  20. IGNITING A TALENT HOTBED • USING THE PRIMAL CUES: • “You belong to a group.” (Paying attention to each detail, which creates group cohesion.) • “Your group is together in a strange and dangerous new world. (Creating change through collaboration.) • “This new world is shaped like a mountain with the goal at the peak.” (Earning privileges through effort.)

  21. MASTER COACHING PART III

  22. MASTER COACHES • Are not preachy or eloquent. • They are careful, deliberate cultivators of myelin.

  23. UCLA’s JOHN WOODEN • No speeches, no punishment laps or praise. • Rapid-fire drills • Exquisitely-planned practice sessions (daily2-hour staff planning meetings). • “Looks like shooting-from-the-hip.” • Short, punctuated, targeted imperatives given to specific players at appropriate times. • 6.9% compliments; 6.6% statements of dissatisfaction; 75% statements of pure information. • The “Wooden”: M+, M-, M+ in about 3 seconds.

  24. WOODEN STUDY CONTINUED • “Don’t look for the big, quick improvement. Seek the small improvement one day at a time. That’s the only way it happens – and when it happens, it lasts.” • “The importance of repetition until automaticity cannot be overstated.” • “Repetition is the key to learning.” • “His success was a result less of his character than of his error-centered, well-planned, information-rich practices.”

  25. FOUR VIRTUES OF MASTER COACHES • KNOWLEDGE, RECOGNIZE, CONNECT • NUMBER 1: THE MATRIX • Master coaches have spent several decades of learning a vast grid of knowledge. Biographical arcs are similar: promising talent, failure, and attempts to figure out why. • NUMBER 2: PERCEPTIVENESS • Master coaches have an unblinking gaze, taking in lots of information all at once. They know what each student needs: equal parts of whipped cream and *#@^.

  26. FOUR VIRTUES OF MASTER COACHES • NUMBER 3: GPS REFLEX • Master coaches give lots of information in short bursts: “Do X, now do Y.” • Not patience, but probing, strategic impatience: “You got it. Good. Now do it faster.” • NUMBER 4: THEATRICAL HONESTY • Larger-than-Life personality. Salesman for your craft. Flair for the dramatic.

  27. The Talent Code Daniel Coyle

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