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AGC of UAE Power System

Graduation Project II Electrical Engineering Department. AGC of UAE Power System. Advisor: Professor. Abdullah Ismail. Done by: Awad Saleh Abdulla Al.Harthi 200337916 Muhammed Usame Suzen 200337980 Aadel Ahmed Al.Mehrezi 200402268. Outline.

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AGC of UAE Power System

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  1. Graduation Project II Electrical Engineering Department AGC of UAE Power System Advisor: Professor. Abdullah Ismail Done by: Awad Saleh Abdulla Al.Harthi200337916 MuhammedUsameSuzen 200337980 Aadel Ahmed Al.Mehrezi 200402268

  2. Outline • Introduction to the Project. • Automatic Generation Control. • Introduction to Power Generation Control. • Introduction to AGC. • Safety Ethics and Environmental Affects. • Load Frequency Control. • LFC model for single power system area. • LFC model for two interconnected power system areas. • LFC model for three interconnected power system areas. • Automatic Voltage Regulator. • Cost Estimation. • Conclusion.

  3. Project Purpose • To perform measurement, modeling, analysis, and control design of voltage and frequency of UAE power systems.

  4. Project Objectives • Measurement and modeling of UAE power systems voltage and frequency variations. • Computer modeling and analysis of the AGC including AVR and LFC functions. • Design controllers for UAE power system voltage and frequency variations.

  5. Project Status • GPI: • LFC Model of Multi-Areas Interconnected Power System. • Study the frequency behavior of each power system area. • Study the power exchange between the interconnected power system areas. • GPII: • Design the PID controller. • Automatic Voltage Regulation(AVR) of multi-areas interconnected power system.

  6. Safety Ethics • The safety of employees, contractors, visitors and the general public shall be the prime consideration. • Continuity of supply. • Security of apparatus or plant.

  7. Environmental Effects • Each such system has advantages and disadvantages, but many of them pose environmental concerns. • The efficiency of some of these systems can be improved by cogeneration (combined heat and power) methods.

  8. AGC

  9. Introduction to the power generation system • It is a system where the power is being generatedtransmitted, and distributed from the main power station through substations, to different areas using overhead or underground power lines.

  10. Power Generation Station Components • Governor (Actuator). • Turbine. • Generator.

  11. Governor • A valve that controls the amount of fuel or steam running into the system. Tg: governor time constant. Kg: governor constant. ∆Pg: power generated from the governor. ∆Pc: Speed Changer. 1/R: Speed or droop Regulator.

  12. Turbine • A mechanical system which converts thermal energy provided by the governor to mechanical energy. Tt: Turbine time constant. Kt: Turbine constant. ∆Pg: energy input power. ∆Pt: output mechanical power.

  13. Generator • The generator produces electrical energy with certain voltage and frequency. Kp: Gain constant. Tp: Generator time constant. ∆Pd: load disturbance. ∆f: frequency change. ∆Pt: Power coming from the turbine.

  14. WHAT DOES AGC MEAN? • AGC: Automatic Generation Control. • Process that controls the limits of the frequency and voltage variations. • Power system stability can be achieved by controlling the frequency and the voltage regulation.

  15. Purpose of AGC • To maintain power balance in the system. • Make sure that operating limits are not exceeded:- • Generators limit • Tie-lines limit • Make sure that system frequency is constant (not change by load) [ 50 HZ in UAE]. • To maintain each unit's generation at the most economic value.

  16. AGC Advantages • Power reliability. • Safety. • Minimizing the cost with getting a good efficiency with a least losses.

  17. AGC Parts and Connections with the Power Generation

  18. Load Frequency Control

  19. Load Frequency Control • Mechanical power is produced by a turbine and delivered to a synchronous generator serving different users. • The frequency of the current and voltage waveforms at the output of the generator is mainly determined by the turbine steam flow. • LFC is to control the real power ‘P’(MW).

  20. Load Frequency Control modeling methods • State Variable: • It is an element of the set of variables that describe the state of dynamic systems. system state vector rate of change of state of the system the input to the system the output

  21. LFC Simulation • LFC system was simulated in two scenarios: • The first scenario is when the power plant doesn’t have any control system: • Single power system area. • Two interconnected power system areas. • Three interconnected power system areas. • In second scenario we applied PID controller to the plant: • Single power system area. • Two interconnected power system areas. • Three interconnected power system areas. • Models used in this problem: • Model one which is a simple standard textbook model • Model two which is a practical system from Um Al-Nar power station in Abu-Dhabi, UAE.

  22. Model One

  23. Model Two

  24. PID Controller

  25. Parallel PID Controller Parameters Effects

  26. Simulation

  27. Single Power System Area

  28. Block Diagram of Model 1

  29. Results of the Frequency ∆Frequency (Hz) Time (Second) As seen above in the figure the frequency response has two main problems; under-shoot, and steady-state error. These problems have been solved after we applied the suitable PID controller to the system.

  30. PID Controller Design The design of the controller was based on the test and error methods where we did some iterations until we came up with the best design as shown in the figure down:

  31. Model one Frequency Response Frequency (Hz) Without PID Time (Second) Frequency (Hz) With PID Time (Second)

  32. Two Interconnected Power System Areas (M1/M1)

  33. Input/output Configuration Outputs System Inputs 2 Area Power System Δf1 ΔPd1 Δf2 ΔPd2 ΔPt12

  34. Without PID With PID

  35. Frequency Response

  36. Frequency (Hz) Without PID Time (Second) Frequency (Hz) With PID Time (Second)

  37. Transmission line response

  38. Power (kW) Without PID Time (Second) With PID Power (kW) Time (Second)

  39. Two Interconnected Power System Areas (M1/M2)

  40. Frequency Response

  41. Frequency (Hz) Without PID Time (Second) Frequency (Hz) With PID Time (Second)

  42. Transmission line response

  43. Power (kW) Without PID Time (Second) With PID Power (kW) Time (Second)

  44. Three Interconnected Power System Areas (M1/M1)

  45. M1 M1 Area3 Area1 Power Plant Configuration ∆Pt31 ∆Pt12 ∆Pt23 M1 Area2

  46. Frequency Response

  47. Frequency (Hz) Time (Second) Frequency (Hz) Time (Second)

  48. Transmission line response

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