The Presidency of James Monroe (1817-1825)

1. The Presidency of James Monroe (1817-1825) An “Era of Good Feelings”

2. RESUME and REPUTATION • Not an Original or deep thinker • Considered highly honorable and ethical • Last of the Virginia Dynasty and “Knee Britches” Presidents • Served with Washington at Trenton • Governor of Virginia • Member of Articles of Confederation Congress • Minister to England, France, and Spain • Secretary of State and War

3. Post War of 1812 • Era of Good Feelings label comes victory in war, bipartisan bitterness subsides, national pride • Ran unopposed in 1820 and got all but 4 electoral votes • Balanced Cabinet: • John Quincy Adams (northerner) Sec. of State • John C. Calhoun(southerner) Sec of War

4. Adams & Calhoun

5. SECTION 1 The Rise of Nationalism Question: How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain?

6. SECTION 1 The Rise of Nationalism Compromise with Spain Compromise with Great Britain Adams-Onis Treaty Terms: Rush-Bagot Agreement Terms: • Spain gave Florida to the United States. • The United States gave up claims to present-day Texas. • United States took responsibility for up to $5 million of United States citizens’ claims against Spain. • limited naval power on the Great Lakes Convention of 1818 Terms: • gave the United States fishing rights off parts of Newfoundland and Labrador coasts • established a border between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel, as far west as the Rockies • agreed to joint occupation of the Pacific Northwest

7. Adams-Onis Treaty • settled a border dispute in North America between the U.S. and Spain. • Spain ceded Florida • U. S. assumed claims of its citizens against Spain up to $5 million • U. S. relinquished claims to Texas • Southern boundary of Louisiana Purchase clarified

8. The Southeast, 1810-1819

9. U.S.-British Boundary Settlement, 1818

10. Monroe Doctrine--1823 • Prussia, Austria, and Russia formed an alliance to defend monarchism. Sights set on South America • Latin American/Mexican Revolutions • British Interests-would cut their trade w/the region • Delivered in state of union address • Authored by John Q. Adams

11. The Monroe Doctrine: Four Basic Points • The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations. • The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, countries that already existed in the Americas. • The Western Hemisphere was off-limits to colonization by any foreign power. • The United States would consider any attempt by a European power to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere a hostile act.

12. What the Doctrine was NOT • It was not a law • It was not meant to bind future Presidents • It was “merely a lecture” says John Adams • It was not called the Monroe Doctrine until the 1850’s

13. THE COMPROMISE YEARS 1820-1854 The Missouri Compromise of 1820 In 1819, Missouri wanted to enter the Union. However, there were already 11 f____ states and 11 s_____ states. Why did Missouri create a problem?

14. Missouri Compromise • Henry Clay brokered two compromises • Thomas Amendment of 36-30 • “Firebell in the Night” • In an April 21 letter to John Holmes, Thom. Jefferson wrote that the division of the country created by the Compromise line would eventually lead to the destruction of the Union • Difficulty of slavery as an issue in national politics • Alabama and Illinois had just been admitted to Union • James Tallmadge of NY proposed that Mo should alter its constitution to be a free state • Objection to 3/5 clause an agreement to count three-fifths of a state's slaves in apportioning Representatives, Presidential electors, and direct taxes.

15. Missouri - applied for statehood in 1819 Balance of free and slave states in question Tallmadge Amendment - limited attempt ot eliminate slaver in MO - angered southern states Henry Clay (Kentucky) proposed a compromise: 1. MO Admitted as a slaveholding state 2. Maine Admitted as a free state Louisiana Territory - north of 36˚ 30’ N - slavery prohibited Monroe signed in 1820 Missouri Statehood

16. THE COMPROMISE YEARS 1820-1854 The Missouri Compromise of 1820 Problem #1: If Missouri joined the Union as a _____ state, the South would have ___ senators and the North would only have only ___ senators. 11 northern states =___ senators (Each state has two senators) 12 southern states=___ senators

17. Missouri & Maine create balance

18. Monroe’s Foreign Policy • Improved Relations with Great Britain • Florida Acquisition • Monroe Doctrine

19. Meaning of Monroe Presidency • Transition from Virginia Dynasty to Tempestuous Politics of 2d Party System • Challenge of slavery issue • Territorial Expansion

20. Label map