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Sometimes replication, transcription and translation don’t go as planned!

Learn about the different types of mutations that can occur during replication, transcription, and translation processes. Discover the impact of mutations on organisms, including harmful, lethal, and helpful mutations. Understand the causes of mutations and the types of gene and chromosome mutations.

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Sometimes replication, transcription and translation don’t go as planned!

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  1. Sometimes replication, transcription and translation don’t go as planned! Replication, Transcription, and Translation errors result in mutations. A mutation is any change in the DNA of an organism.

  2. MOST mutations are minor. Many mutations are harmful. Some mutations are lethal. Very few mutations are helpful. Truths about mutations!

  3. Mutations can occur as… Germ Mutations mutations in gametes Somatic Mutations mutations in body cells

  4. Two Types of Mutations • Chromosome Mutations 2. Gene Mutations

  5. Chromosome Mutation • Deletion • Inversion • Translocation • Nondisjunction

  6. Deletion • a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is lost

  7. Inversion • a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in reverse order

  8. Translocation • a broken piece attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

  9. Nondisjunction • a pair of chromosomes fail to separate during Anaphase I of meiotic cell division • results in trisomy or monosomy Trisomy = three of one kind in a diploid cell Monosomy = one of one kind in a diploid cell

  10. TrisomyMonosomy Down Syndrome Turner Syndrome

  11. Can you identify the mutation? The fat cat ate the wee rat. • Deletion • Inversion • Translocation • Nondisjunction • The fat the cat ate wee rat. • The fat tar cat ate the wee. • The fatcatate the wee rat. • The fat ate the wee rat.

  12. Types of Gene Mutations • Point • Frame-shift

  13. Point • a change in a single nitrogen base in DNA • Often referred to as a “nonsense” mutation

  14. Frameshift • the addition or deletion of a nitrogen base, causing a shift in the sequence of codons • the amino acid sequence is nonsense, coding for all the wrong amino acids

  15. Can you identify the mutation? The fat cat ate the wee rat. • Point • Frameshift • The fat car ate the bee bat. • The fat hat ate the wee rat.

  16. What causes a mutation? • Anything that causes a mutation is called a mutagen • Environmental mutagens include: • Ultraviolet radiation • Tars from tobacco • Asbestos

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