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Medieval Revival

Medieval Revival. 1095-1291C.E. Crusades. 1347 Bubonic Plague. 1066 C.E. Norman invasion of Britain. 450 C.E. Anglo-Saxons invade England. 1455 C.E. Printing Press. 1306-1321 Dante’s Divine Comedy. 1375-1400 Sir Gawain & Green Knight. 1517 Protestant Reformation. 1386 C.E.

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Medieval Revival

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  1. Medieval Revival

  2. 1095-1291C.E. Crusades 1347 Bubonic Plague 1066 C.E. Norman invasion of Britain 450 C.E. Anglo-Saxons invade England 1455 C.E. Printing Press 1306-1321 Dante’s Divine Comedy 1375-1400 Sir Gawain & Green Knight 1517 Protestant Reformation 1386 C.E. Chaucer begins writing Canterbury Tales 306 C.E. Constantine comes to power in Eastern Roman Empire; beginning of Byzantine Empire Beowulf Composed sometime between 476 C.E. Fall of Rome 1337-1453 100 Years War France & England 1453 Fall of Byzantine Empire with invasion of Ottoman Turks 850 C.E. 900 C.E. Middle Ages: General Timeline

  3. Reduction in Violence • Magyars defeated in 955 and began to settle in Hungary • Infighting among Muslims • Vikings simply stop marauding and settle down

  4. Reduction in Violence • Walls built around towns • Church attempts to tame warfare • “Pax Dei”

  5. Agricultural Revolution • Improvement in climate • Three field system • New technologies • Carruca (iron plow) • New yoke and harness system for draft animals • Windmills • Watermills

  6. Agricultural Revolution • Better farming led to more crops • More food led to population growth • Population growth increased town growth

  7. Population Increase • Birth rate up/Death rate down • European-wide population explosion • 1100 AD = 42 million people • 1300 AD = 72 million people • Population of England, Scotland and Wales tripled to 5 – 6 million • Population of France grew to 20 million • London – 70,000 • Florence, Milan, Venice – 100,000 • Paris – 200,000

  8. Population Increase • No major famines or plagues between 1000-1200 AD • More people for the lords to tax

  9. Revival of Town Life • “Burg” and “Ghetto” • Overcrowded • Air & water pollution • Begging • Prostitution • Law enforcement • Guilds – regulation of businesses • Great differences in social classes

  10. Revival of Town Life • By 1300, 10% of the population of western Europe lived in cities • Towns were centers for reemerging long distance trade

  11. Revival of Long Distance Trade • Medieval Guilds –opposed to trade • Development of contracts • Development of banking

  12. Rise of the Medieval University • Knowledge transferred from Church to Universities • Trivium – grammar, logic, rhetoric • Quadremmium – arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music • Medical Schools

  13. Religious Reform • The growth of religious abuses • “Lay investiture” • Selling “indulgences”

  14. Religious Reform • Crusades • Inquisition • Pope Innocent calls the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 • 4th Crusade • Heretics • No new denominations • No marriage outside church

  15. Emerging European Monarchies

  16. France • Philip Augustus (French) attacked King John (English) and won French lands back. • Philip the Fair – created a national assembly called the Estates General. • First Estate: the church • Second Estate: the nobility • Third Estate: the townspeople

  17. England • The “Domesday Book” (1086) • Henry II conquered part of Ireland and made the King of Scotland his vassal

  18. Magna Carta • King John got greedy, so his nobles revolted. • They forced him to sign The Magna Carta. • Limited the power of the King. • Provided protection of law to everyone. • Guaranteed trial by jury. • No taxation without representation. • Became the basis for modern English and American law.

  19. 100 Years War • England versus France • Henry V (English) wins part of France after Battle of Agincourt in 1415. • Joan of Arc (French) wins it back. • Results: • France’s power increased • England slipped into civil war • The Church continued to lose power • Chivalry was dead • End of the Middle Ages

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