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Intercommunity Comparison of Blood Lead Concentrations in Eeyou Istchee and Lead Shot Use as a Potential Exposure Source.
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Intercommunity Comparison of Blood Lead Concentrations in Eeyou Istchee and Lead Shot Use as a Potential Exposure Source Ian Martin, Evert Nieboer, Leonard Tsuji and others (consortium of Laval, McGill, McMaster, and Waterloo Universities; and the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay) Montreal, March 21-22, 2012
Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii- History • Covel Report (2001) • Critical review of the Covel Report (June 2002) • Oujé-Bougoumou/Nemaska study: October-November 2002(report was published in 2005) • Needs and Feasibility Study: 2003-2004 • Mistissini Pilot Study: 2005 (report in 2007) • Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii: 2007- Present • Eastmain/Wemindji Report (May 2011) • Project Final Report (by the end of 2012)
Highlights of Findings - Contaminants Lead in Blood - 1 µmol/L 1.0 – Action Level for Other Adults 0.48 – Action Level for Children & Women 15-39 0.14 – CHISASIBI 0.22 – WHAPMAGOOSTUI [GEOMs] 0.11 – WASKAGANISH / WEMINDJI / OUJÉ- BOUGOUMOU 0.10 – SOUTHERN QUEBEC POPULATION (2001) 0.09 – EASTMAIN / MISTISSINI / NEMASKA 0.06 – WASWANIPI
• Lead shot users have sig. elevated blood lead by 3 measures • Only rank of lead level satisfies ANOVA assumption of equal variances
• Elevated blood lead is a function of community of residence (community is more important than use of lead shot) • Is the sharing of game killed with lead shot more responsible for elevated blood lead, as opposed to whether or not individuals hunt with lead shot?
• Odds ratio sig. > 1 • Relative risk (RR) of elevated lead for shot users = 2.9
• CA-1 a measure of: -Pb, -Hg, and + Cd • CA-2 a measure of: +Cd, +Pb, and -Ni • CA-3 a measure of: +Pb, and -Mo • CA-4 a measure of: +Co, +Pb, and -Ni
• No interaction of hunt and smoke status • For hunting, highest significant effects are CA-1 (-Pb, -Hg) and univariatePb • (Hg in CA-1 reflects consumption of traditional foods, esp. fish) • For smoking, highest significant effects are CA-1 (+Cd), CA-2 (+Cd, +Pb) and univariate Cd
Tsuji et al. Science of the Total Environment 2008; 393:291-298
CONCLUSIONS • Blood lead varies between communities • Blood lead increases with age and gender( males > females) • Exposure risk higher if ‘using lead shot’; the latter constitutes a complex exposure variable (not only use of gun; eating bagged game is implied by factor/partial correlation analysis);smoking a source • A few children and some women of reproductive age exceeded the 0.48 µmol/L guideline; more of course if the new guideline of 0.24 µmol/L were adopted
• Low CA-1 scores reflect high consumption of traditional foods:more Pb, Hg, and less Cd • High CA-2 scores may reflect minor variances in bear meat (and some market foods?) • High CA-3 scores reflect high traditional fish, birds, organ meats, lard: more Pb • Market vegetables & salad consumption reflected in lower Pb,Co,Cd (lower CA-2, CA-4)