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The Tree of Life

The Tree of Life. Modern Evolutionary Classification. Problems With Traditional Classification. Appearances Are Deceiving Fish, Dolphins & Sharks What Characteristics Are Important & Which Are Most Important?. Limpets, Barnacles, Crabs. Traditional Classification. Cladogram.

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The Tree of Life

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  1. The Tree of Life Modern Evolutionary Classification

  2. Problems With Traditional Classification Appearances Are Deceiving Fish, Dolphins & Sharks What Characteristics Are Important & Which Are Most Important? • Limpets, Barnacles, Crabs

  3. Traditional Classification

  4. Cladogram

  5. Evolutionary Classification Key Concept Biologists Now Group Organisms Into Categories That Represent Lines Of Evolutionary Descent, Not Just Physical Similarities

  6. Evolutionary Classification Is The Strategy of Grouping Organisms Together Based On Their Evolutionary History Use of Evolutionary History is referred to as Phylogeny It Is Not Obvious or Easy

  7. Cladistic Analysis Identifies and Considers Only Those Characteristics Of Organisms That Are Evolutionary Innovations New Characteristics That Arise As Lineages Evolve Over Time

  8. Cladistic Analysis Derived Characteristics Traits That Can Be Used To Figure Out Evolutionary Relationships Appear In Recent Parts of a Lineage But Not In its Older Members Used To Construct A Cladogram

  9. Cladogram A Diagram That Shows The Evolutionary Relationships Among a Group of Organisms Shows How One Lineage Branched From Another In The Course of Evolution

  10. Similarities In DNA & RNA • Beyond Physical Characteristics Are Similarities In DNA & RNA • Allows Comparison of Diverse Organisms • Allows The Tracing of Genes Over Millions of Years

  11. Similarities In DNA & RNA Key Concept The Genes of Many Organisms Show Important Similarities At The Molecular Level. These Similarities Can Be Used As Criteria To Help Determine Classification

  12. Similarities In DNA & RNA Myosin Functional Protein Unit of Muscle Fibers Found In Yeast (?) Protein In Yeast Interacts With Other Proteins To Allow Internal Yeast Structures To Move

  13. Similarities In DNA & RNA Has Cleared Up Classification Questions, Which Two Are More Closely Related? Storks, American Vultures, African Vultures Panda’s

  14. Molecular Clocks DNA Can Mark The Passage of Evolutionary Time Mutations Occur At A Somewhat Measurable Rate If They Change The Phenotype, They Are Subject To Natural Selection If They Don’t Change The Phenotype, They Accumulate In The DNA

  15. Molecular Clocks The Degree of Difference Due To Accumulated Mutations, Indicates How Recently They Shared A Common Ancestor Different Genes “tick” At Different Rates Allowing Comparison & Validation

  16. Molecular Clocks

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