1 / 13

CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. Anatomy Test Prep. Three Major types of muscle tissue (understand the differences). Skeletal muscle -”striated muscle” -”voluntary muscle” Cardiac muscle -”striated muscle” -”involuntary muscle” Smooth muscle -”voluntary muscle”

Télécharger la présentation

CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDEMUSCULAR SYSTEM Anatomy Test Prep

  2. Three Major types of muscle tissue(understand the differences) • Skeletal muscle -”striated muscle” -”voluntary muscle” • Cardiac muscle -”striated muscle” -”involuntary muscle” • Smooth muscle -”voluntary muscle” -”visceral muscle” For each, know where it is located, the physical description, and what it does

  3. Muscle Types • Skeletal muscle: • Is in our biceps, triceps, postural muscles, etc • Smooth muscle: • Is found along our digestive tract: used to move food along • Cardiac muscle: • Is found in the heart

  4. Structure of Skeletal muscle • Origin • The stationary attachment to bone • Insertion • The more movable attachment site to bone • Tendons • Anchor muscles firmly to bones • Made of dense fibrous connective tissue in the shape of heavy cords • Bursae • Lie in between some tendons and bones beneath them • Synovial membrane • Secretes a slippery lubricating fluid that fills the bursa • Tendon sheaths • Enclose some tendons

  5. Microscopic structure of skeletal muscle • Muscle fibers • Specialized contractile cells that are grouped together and arranged in a highly organized way • Thin and thick myofilaments • Thick filaments are composed of myosin • Thin filaments composed of actin • Actin • Thin filaments • Myosin • Thick filaments • Sarcomere • The basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle

  6. Muscle stimulus • Understand what a motor unit is and how it works Define: • Neuromuscular junction • Specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it innervates • Motor neuron • a specialized nerve that transmits an impulse to a muscle • Know how the process of muscle stimulus works • When does a muscle fiber fire? • Acetylcholine / Ca2+ • “All or none” muscle response • Muscles will not partially contract. It will contract or remain the same

  7. Types of skeletal muscle contraction • Know the difference between: • A twitch contraction vs. a tetanic contraction • An isotonic contraction vs. an isometric contraction

  8. Contractions • Twitch contraction • Is laboratory • Does not play a significant role in normal muscular activity • Tetanic • Are sustained and steady contractions caused by a series of stimuli bombarding the muscle

  9. Exercise effects • What happens when you don’t exercise? Know and define: • Disuse atrophy • Atrophy is when the muscle fibers weak due to lack of stimulation • What happens when you do exercise? Know and define: • Hypertrophy • Hypertrophy is the increased size of a muscle due to increase of cells

  10. Exercise • What are different types of exercise? Know and define: • Strength training • Exercise involving the contraction of muscle against heavy resistance • Endurance training • Increases a muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period of time • is also called “Aerobic training” • Allows for more efficient deliver of oxygen to muscles

  11. Skeletal muscle groups Know the muscles of each group and what each muscle does • Muscles of the Head and Neck • Facial muscles • Orbicularis oculi • Orbicularis oris • Zygomaticus • Frontalis • Muscles of Mastication • Masseter • Temporal • Sternocleidomastoid • Trapezius • Buccinator

  12. SKELETAL MUSCLE GROUPS • Muscles that move the Upper Extremities • Pectoralis major- flexes upper arm • Latissimus dorsi- extends upper arm • Deltoid- abducts upper arm • Biceps brachii-flexes forearm • Triceps brachii- extends forearm • Muscles of the Trunk • Rectus abdominis • External oblique • Internal oblique • Transversus abdominis • Muscles that move the Lower Extremities • Iliopsoas-flexes hip • Gluteus maximus- extends thigh • Adductors - adducts thighs • Hamstrings- flex lower leg • Quadriceps- extends lower leg • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Tibialis anteror

  13. Movements produced by skeletal muscle contractions • Flexion • Movement that decreases the angle between two bones at their joint: bending • Extension • Movement that increases the angle between two bones • Abduction • Movement of a part away from the midline of the body • Adduction • Movement of a part towards the midline of the body • Rotation • Movement around a longitudinal axis • Supination and pronation • Hand positions that result from rotation of the forearm; • Supination results in palms facing up • Pronation results in palms facing down • Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion • Foot movements; • Dorsiflexion results in elevation of dorsum or top of foot • During plantar flexion- the bottom of the foot is directed downward

More Related