Principles of Engineering System Design

1. Principles of Engineering System Design Dr T Asokan asok@iitm.ac.in

2. Dr T Asokan asok@iitm.ac.in 044-2257 4707 Principles of Engineering System Design Lecture 2

3. Classification of systems Engineering system examples When do we need system engineering System dimensions System design hierarchy System Engineers and their roles T Asokan

4. T Asokan

5. System Examples Spacecraft as a System A spacecraft can be considered as a system composed of a variety of subsystems Spacecraft architrcture (the division into subsystems) is fairly well defined The subsystem are in turn composed of smaller subsystems • Payload • (Communication) • Antenna • Amplification • Modulation/Demodulation • Routing • Encryption/Decryption • Filters • Multiplexers • Spacecraft Bus • Attitude determination and control • Command and data handling • Payload processing • Power • Propulsion • Software • Structures • Telemetry tracking and command • Thermal Spacecraft

6. Space System • A spacecraft is also part of a larger system • Other spacecrafts in the constellation (the space segment) • Space segment + ground segment + launch segment • forms an even larger system Ground Segment Space Segment Launch Segment Mission Operations Element Space System T Asokan

7. Ford Product Development System

8. The SAGA Air Defense System

9. The Atlas Project • Produced the first ICBM • 18,000 scientists and engineers • 17 contractors • 200 subcontractors • 200,000 suppliers • Coordinated by the Ramo • Woodridge Corporation

10. T Asokan

11. When do you need systems engineering? Air Bag System for Passenger cars - Requirement analysis failure Pathfinder Communications failure: - Interface design failure Ariane 5 Launch Vehicle failure: - System qualification test failure Discussion: GSLV Failure: Is it a system failure or component failure?

12. When do you require system engineering ? • Characteristics of system whose development, test, and application require the practice of system engineering are: • The system is an engineered product and hence satisfies a specified need • The system consists of diverse components that have intricate relationships with one another and hence is multi-disciplinary and relatively complex • The system uses advanced technologies that are central to the performance of its primary functions Examples: Satellites, aircraft, auto assembly plant, railway reservation system etc.

13. Systems Engineering integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation. • • Systems Engineering considers both the business and the • technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a • quality product that meets the user needs. Discussion Point 1: What distinguishes Systems Engineering from Engineering?

14. System Dimensions Technical Dimension: 6 Levels 0 - Parts or lines of code 1 – Components or major software units 2 – Major subsystems or subassemblies: both hardware and software 3 – The aircraft and/or related systems 4 – The air transportation system or the air defence system 5 – Physical environment of the world Social Dimension: 6 Levels 0 – Individuals 1 – Working groups/teams 2 – Organizational units 3 – Single organizations 4 – Extended multi- organization enterprises, Including partners and suppliers 5 – Society, nations, communities, etc.

15. SYSTEM DESIGN HIERARCHY

16. SYSTEM ENGINEERS • They design the overall architecture, not components • They prioritize the system requirements • They decide on the risks to be undertaken • They decide on the risk avoidance strategies • They decide on how the system performance and system affordability may be achieved • They guide the system development purely on their knowledge of the system • They decide how to tackle unanticipated problems.

17. KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS OF SYSTEM ENGINEER

18. Characteristics of Successful System Engineers • Enjoy learning new things and solving problems • Like challenges • Are skeptical of unproven assertions • Are open minded to new ideas • Have a solid background in science and engineering • Have demonstrated technical achievement in a specialty way • Are knowledgeable in several engineering areas • Pickup new ideas and information quickly • Have good interpersonal and communication skills

19. System Engineers as Problem Solvers • A problem has three components: • An undesirable initial state • A desirable goal state • Obstacles that prevent the transformation from undesirable to desirable T Asokan

20. Characteristics Good Problem Solvers • Intelligence and creativity • Decision making behavior • Recognizing dependencies • Estimating importance and urgency • Continuity and flexibility • Acceptance of failures T Asokan

21. Assignment 1 Identify 5 Natural systems and 5 Artificial systems. Decompose one of these systems into technical and human systems and identify the levels of interactions. • Group Work I • From the history of industrial disasters, identify one case study for system failure. Make a presentation of the case by highlighting the following factors. • System details • Failure mode • Failure analysis • Root cause • Proposed solution(s)

22. System Design Software - CORE • Download software (university edition) from Vitech corporation (www.vitechcorp.com) • (IIT Madras is a partner in Vitechcorp’s University education programme) • Password: Contact asok@iitm.ac.in • Install software ( refer installation guide) • Register product • Learn the fundamentals using “guided tour” available in the help. • Use the software for your assignments and projects.

23. SUMMARY • A system is a set of interrelated components working together toward a common objective • System engineering has the function of guiding the engineering of a complex system • System engineering is a powerful discipline, requiring: • A multidisciplinary knowledge, integrating diverse system elements • The ability to perform approximate calculations of complex phenomena, thereby providing “sanity checks” • Skeptical positive thinking for prudent risk taking ARE YOU READY ?