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Wood Science and Technology

Wood Science and Technology. Forestry and Forest Industry in China. Jingxin Wang Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506. 1. Presentation Outline. Overview China’s Forests Forest Conservation Projects Forest Industry. 2. Overview.

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Wood Science and Technology

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  1. Wood Science and Technology Forestry and Forest Industry in China Jingxin Wang Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506 1

  2. Presentation Outline • Overview • China’s Forests • Forest Conservation Projects • Forest Industry 2

  3. Overview • China has 195.45 million hectares of forests (289 million acres), 4.95% of the world’s forests, 5th position in the world. • Current forest coverage: 20.36% (18% in 2003). • The total standing stock volume is 17,913 million cubic meters. • Forestland ownership: owned by the State; 60% is managed by collective farms and 40% by the state. • Total number of employees in Forestry, Wood industry, and Pulp and paper industry: 12.9 million (2000 data). • U.S. is the major forest products export trade partner. In million hectares (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. 7th National Forest Resource Inventory Report) (Source: Deutsche Bank. 2007. China Forestry Industry) 3

  4. Overview (Cont’d) Forestry Education in China Currently, there are 200 universities and colleges in China that have undergraduate and junior college studies in forestry subject, including 6 forestry universities and colleges, 12 forestry technical colleges and 182 agricultural universities/colleges and other types of universities. Forest Area by Forest Type Forest Research in China Chinese Academy of Forestry Provincial Forest Research Institutes Universities (Source: State Forestry Administration, China) (Source: Deutsche Bank. 2007. China Forestry Industry) 4

  5. China’s Forest Distribution • Coniferous forest • Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest • Deciduous broad-leaved forest • Evergreen broad-leaved forest, • Monsoon rain forest • Rain forest Legend Coniferous Broad-leaved Mixed Bamboo 5

  6. China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d) Coniferous forest in the northeast Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest 6

  7. China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d) Deciduous broad-leaved forest Evergreen broad-leaved forest 7

  8. China’s Forest Distribution (Cont’d) Monsoon rain forest Rain forest 8

  9. China’s Forests - River Valleys • 7 of the 10 largest river basins in China: Forest area – 70%; Stock volume – 60% • The area and stock volume of the forests in the drainage areas of the Heilongjiang River and the Yangtze River make up about 50% of the total. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

  10. China’s Forests - Forest Regions • Major regions: • Northeast Inner Mongolia • Southwest mountainous region • Southeast low mountain and hilly forest region • Northwest mountainous forest region • Tropical forest region • Forest area of the 5 major forest regions - More than 70% of the country's total. • Stock volume of these regions - Nearly 90% of China's total. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory) 10

  11. China’s Forests Arbor Forest Area and Stock Volume Arbor Forest Stock Volume by Age Group Arbor Forest Area by Age Group (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory) 11

  12. China’s Forests - Forest Quality • Average annual growth of arbor forest stands: 3.85 m3/ha • Average DHB 13.3cm. • Average number of trees per ha is 916. Forest Stock Volume by Forest Type (million m3) • Arbor forest stock volume is 85.88 m3/ha. • Natural forest stock volume is 98.64 m3/ha. • Plantation is 49.01 m3/ha. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory) 12

  13. Major Forest Conservation Projects Northwest • Natural forest protection • Grain for green project • Wind and sand storm source • control project • Three-north and Yangtze River • basin shelter forest system • Wildlife and nature reserve • establishment • Fast-growing and high-yield • forests Northeast Southeast Southwest Tropical Three-North Shelter Forest Farmland shelter and sand-fixing forest project Coastline shelter forest project The Yangtze river shelterbelt forest project 13

  14. Major Forest Conservation Projects Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) • Completely stop harvesting in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. • Significantly decrease the amount of log production in the Northeast, Inner Mongolia forest regions. • Carefully protect natural forests in other areas by the local authorities. • The project targets to decrease the log production to 19.91 million cubic meters, and protect 94.3 million hectares of forests. For example, a project in Qinling mountains. 14

  15. Major Forest Conservation Projects Grain for Green Project • Control 22.68 million hectares of area with soil erosion and water problems. • Fix 26.68 million hectares of dessertifation area. • Decrease 260 million tons of sediment which flushed into the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Grain for green project in Shanxi Province. 15

  16. Major Forest Conservation Projects Wind and Sand Storm Control This project is mainly to deal with the sandstorms that occur around Beijing area. It targets to increase the forest and grass coverage rate from 6.7% to 21.4% by the end of 2010. Wind and sand storm source control project in Inner Mongolia. 16

  17. Major Forest Conservation Projects (Cont’d) Three-North and Yangtze River Basin Shelter Forest System Project - ”Green Great Wall” • The biggest shelter forest project in China, started in 1978 and will last until 2050. • Cover 42.4% of the total land area of China, including northeast, north central, and northwest, 13 provinces or 551 counties. • The plantation area will reach 35.62 million hectares, and forest coverage rate will be 14.95% in the three-north area by 2050. 17

  18. Major Forest Conservation Projects Three-north projects in Xinjiang and Ningxia Three-north projects in Shanxi 18

  19. Major Forest Conservation Projects Three-north projects in Inner Mongolia Three-north projects in Heilongjiang and Liaoning 19

  20. Forest Industry Output Forestry industry output value in 2009, with a total of 1,580 billion Yuan ($230.59 billion – $1 = 6.8 Yuan). * Estimated. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory)

  21. Forest Industry – Log Production 69.38million m3 in 2009 Log production in million m3 from 1997 to 2008 (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. the 7th national forest inventory) 21

  22. Forest Industry – Log Production 3-year old eucalyptus in Guangxi Normally, harvested at 4-8 year-old. Bamboo forest in Guangxi 1.2 billion stems of bamboo in 2009. (Source: State Forestry Administration. 2009. National forest production statistics) 22

  23. Forest Industry – Harvesting Operations Tree-length system Felling Delimbing Skidding Loading Log system Felling Delimbing Bucking Skidding Loading 23

  24. Forest Industry - Felling Falling direction control 24

  25. Forest Industry – Delimbing and Bucking 25

  26. Forest Industry - Skidding 26

  27. Forest Industry – Loading and Transportation 27

  28. Forest Industry (Cont’d) Machine Animal Ground-based skidding development in Heilongjiang Province. (Source: Wang, L. 2009. Development of forest industry in China)

  29. Questions?? For more information, please contact: Dr. Jingxin Wang Division of Forestry and Natural Resources West Virginia University jxwang@wvu.edu 29

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