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Investigating Bear Ancestry: Taxonomic Relationships of Polar and Panda Bears

Investigating Bear Ancestry: Taxonomic Relationships of Polar and Panda Bears. Objectives. Analyze ancestry/phylogeny of: - Polar Bear - American Brown Bear - American Black Bear - Giant Panda - Red Panda - and other bears. To Explore Ancestry and Evolutionary History.

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Investigating Bear Ancestry: Taxonomic Relationships of Polar and Panda Bears

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  1. Investigating Bear Ancestry:Taxonomic Relationships of Polar and Panda Bears

  2. Objectives Analyze ancestry/phylogeny of: - Polar Bear - American Brown Bear - American Black Bear - Giant Panda - Red Panda - and other bears

  3. To Explore Ancestry and Evolutionary History • Anatomical comparisons • Ecology and Life History • Molecular Analysis

  4. Evolutionary History:Molecular Analyses • Use amino acid (protein) sequences - Hemoglobin - Cytochrome B • Use DNA sequences - Nuclear DNA - Mitochondrial DNA * 12s ribosomal RNA gene

  5. Mitochondrion

  6. What is a Mitochondrion? • Extensive Membrane Network - Electron Transport System - Matrix – Citric Acid Cycle Enzymes

  7. What is a Mitochondrion? • Semiautonomous, descendents of bacteria - have own DNA, RNA - have own ribosomes - carry out replication, transcription, translation

  8. Mitochondrial DNA

  9. Mitochondrial DNA Shows Maternal Inheritance

  10. To obtain 12s ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences Go to: NCBI ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

  11. Select “Nucleotide” and Type Accession Number (listed in handout

  12. Select FASTA in Display window and select organism

  13. Copy the nucleotide sequence into a word document Repeat with other accession number

  14. When finished • Save: • Bears.doc Save AS  Format: Text file If successful, file name should end in: mybears.txt

  15. Acsess Biology WorkbenchHttp://workbench.sdsc.edu Register (REMEMBER Password)

  16. Log on

  17. Layout of Workbench

  18. Scrolling Down …

  19. Go to “Session Tools”

  20. Select :Nucleic Tools” • “Add New Nucleotide Sequences” • Click “Run”

  21. Copy, Paste, Edit Nucleotide Sequences and then “Save”….. Repeat 4 Times

  22. Select these Bear sequences to start with….. • Find and Select CLUSTAL W • Click “Run”

  23. 1. Select “Submit” Select Unrooted Tree

  24. Nucleotide Sequence Alignment Comparison

  25. A Phylogram

  26. Continue and add other animals.

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