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Brain Mapping

Brain Mapping. Wilder Penfield, pioneer in motor and sensory areas of the brain. History. Scientists first learned about brain function through brain injuries or diseases. ex. soliders with brain injury survive and scientists would study how the individual changed.

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Brain Mapping

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  1. Brain Mapping

  2. Wilder Penfield, pioneer in motor and sensory areas of the brain History • Scientists first learned about brain function through brain injuries or diseases. • ex. soliders with brain injury survive and scientists would study how the individual changed

  3. PET (Positron-emission tomography) • More active areas emit more energy • Patient injected with radioactive glucose and scanners moniter glucose consumption • Good for diagnosing • Stroke • Alzheimer's

  4. Phineas Gage, FYI • Explosion 1848 drove a metal bar through the frontal lobes • Survived, but doctors noticed difference in personality • Once considered resonable, conscientious • Later considered thoughtless, fitful

  5. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) • Provides clear detailed image of brain • Large magnet surrounds persons head, gets hydrogen ions in brain to emit radio waves • Good for diagnosing • Tumors • BSE like diseases, where brain tissue is destroyed

  6. The Peripheral Nevous System • Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body: • Made up of two division which have opposing functions. • Two divisions: • Somatic system • Autonomic system

  7. Somatic System • Largely under voluntary control • Neurons service head, trunk, limbs • Inlcudes vagus nerve • Connected to many internal organs (heart, lung, bronchi, digestive tract, liver, pancreas)

  8. Autonomic System • Involuntary control • Stimulate or inhibit • Glands • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle • Controlled by hypothalamus & medulla oblongata

  9. Autonomic Sytem Breakdown • Sympathetic Nerves: • prepare the body for action or eme rgency (fight-or-flight response). • many nerves • branch directly off the spine • Parasympathetic nerves: • calm the body back down (rest-and-digest response) • everyday processes • Few main nerves from skull and pelvis

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