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2011 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 2: New Republic to Reconstruction

2011 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 2: New Republic to Reconstruction. Northwest Ordinance. Provided process for territories to become states No slavery One success of Articles of Confederation. Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson purchased it in 1803 ‘Strict’

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2011 U.S. History End of Course Test Review Domain 2: New Republic to Reconstruction

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  1. 2011 U.S. History End of Course Test ReviewDomain 2:New Republic to Reconstruction

  2. Northwest Ordinance Provided process for territories to become states No slavery One success of Articles of Confederation

  3. Louisiana Purchase Jeffersonpurchasedit in 1803 ‘Strict’ Worriedpurchaseviolated Constitution Bought it anyway (New Orleans) Largest expansion; doubled U.S.

  4. Lewis and Clark TJ asked Lewis and Clark toexplore West Cameacrossvaluableresources, transportation route to Pacific Ocean Encouraged Westward expansion

  5. War of 1812 Causes: Impressment: Britishcaptured U.S. sailors, forced them to serve England Results: American nationalism increased Global respect for U.S. increased Andrew Jackson became heroafter Battle of New Orleans

  6. Erie Canal Revolutionized trade by giving Midwestern farmers route to transport goods to East Coast Sparked growth, trade Turned NYC into thriving port

  7. Monroe Doctrine (1823) Divided West,East Hemispheres U.S. and Europe Keep Europeaninfluence out ofthe Americas Any act by Europeans in the West would be seen as a hostile act against the United States

  8. Eli Whitney Invented cottongin Made Southmore dependenton slavery Interchangeable Parts Identical parts made to fit in any device of same type

  9. Manifest Destiny God’s willfor U.S. toexpand,control landto Pacific Caused massive westward expansion in 19th century Search for gold, desire for land, religious faith

  10. Jacksonian Democracy For ‘common man’ Universal suffragefor white men Spoils System:Gave positions tofriends Indian Removal Westward Growth: Forced Natives off land (Trail of Tears)

  11. Reform Movements • Second Great Awakening • Emphasizedliving good life to earn salvation • Public Schools • Advocated by Horace Mann • Schooling for all men, women

  12. Seneca Falls Conference Organized in 1848 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton Beginning of Women’s Rights Movement Declared women were equal to men, deserved right to vote Susan B. Anthonylater joined effort

  13. Temperance Movement 19th century reform movement Followers believed that alcohol was immoral, should be illegal

  14. Abolitionist Movement • Growing effort tooutlaw slavery • William Lloyd Garrison • Founded anti-slavery paperThe Liberator • Frederick Douglass • Former slave;founded anti-savepaper North Star • Grimke Sisters

  15. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Determine where slavery would and would not be legal for new states • Provisions: • For balance: Missouri slave, Maine free • Missouri’s southern boundary (36°30'N) dividing line for new states: Above it: Free states; Below it: Slave states

  16. Mexican-American War U.S. wanted to gain additional land from Mexico America won Southwestern U.S. from Mexico Wilmot Proviso: Banned slavery innew territory; It failed

  17. Compromise of 1850 • California as free state • Utah and New Mexico decide by popularsovereignty (will of majority) • Vote on it • Overturned Missouri Compromise • Fugitive Slave Law: Forced northern states to return escaped slaves

  18. Kansas-Nebraska Act Allowed KS, NE to choose through popular sovereignty whether to permit slavery “Bleeding Kansas”: Armed clashes between two sides when issue turned violent

  19. Dred Scott v. Sanford Scott sued for freedom after he was taken to free territory Court: Can’t sue because not a citizen Owners can’t bedeprived of ‘property’ Struck down Missouri Compromise More conflict between pro, anti-slavery sides

  20. John Brown Led abolitionistsin attack of federal base at Harper’s Ferry Goal: Give weapons to slaves for a rebellion Plan failed, Brown hanged South hatred of abolitionists grows

  21. American Civil War Union vs.ConfederateStates 1861-1865 Causes: Slavery,StatesRights,Lincoln’s Election, Secession Outcome: Union defeats the Confederacy

  22. Abraham Lincoln U.S. President during Civil War Suspended Habeas Corpus to try to preserve Union Believed preservation of Union was most important task Assassinated 1865

  23. War Key Figures • Ulysses Grant: Union Army Commander • War hero; victor • Robert Lee: Confederate Army Commander • Talented general; lost • “Stonewall” Jackson: Confederate general, right-hand to Lee • Jefferson Davis: Confederacy President

  24. Antietam • Sept. 1862 • Lee plans secret Northinvasion • Bloodiest single day in U.S. History • Union stops Confederate invasion • Prompts Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation

  25. Emancipation Proclamation • Issued by Lincolnin January 1863 • Freed all slaves in Confederacy (not in Union) • Symbolic, limitedin scope • Reasons: • Moral purpose for war, morale boost for North

  26. Gettysburg • July 1863 • Lee moves North again • Union beats Confederates • Bloodiest battle(51K casualties) • Turning point: Ends Confederate invasion • Gettysburg Address: Improved North’s spirits; Shaped goal of war— to preserve Union

  27. Vicksburg • May-July 1863 • To complete Union control of Mississippi R. • Union surrounds town, traps Confederates • Attempt to “starve them out” • Confederates surrender • Cuts Confederacy in half

  28. Sherman and Atlanta • Atlanta big railroad hub • Shermancaptures city,cuts rail lines • Sherman marches from Atlanta to Savannah, burning a path 250 miles long

  29. Appomattox • April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant • Bloodiest war fought on U.S. soil • Northern Victory: Larger population,more railroads, more industry

  30. Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln, then Andrew Johnson Sympathetic approach Goal: Reunite country without being too harsh on Confederacy

  31. Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans in Congress Tougher approach Goal: Punish South for War Equal rights for Blacks (the vote) Former Confederateofficials couldn’t run for office

  32. Johnson Impeachment • Johnson tried to fire War Secretary (Radical Republican) • Violatedlaw on firing gov’t officials • Impeached (charged with misconduct) by House • Escaped removal from office in Senate by one vote

  33. Reconstruction Amendments • 13th: Abolished slavery in allstates • 14th: Everyone born in America is a citizen (Citizenship to freed slaves) • No one can be deprived of life, liberty, property • 15th: No citizen can be denied the right to vote

  34. Freedmen’s Bureau • Help slavestransitionto freedom • Solveeverydayproblems like food, clothing, shelter, education,land to freed slaves

  35. White Resistance • Ku Klux Klan: Used violence,threats to scare blacks, equal rightssupporters • Lynching • Black Codes: Unwritten rules barring blacks from certain activities

  36. Compromise of 1877 • Ended RadicalReconstruction; blacks lose newpolitical gains • Jim Crow laws:Separate facilitiesfor blacks, whites • Literacy tests: Read, write to vote • Poll taxes: Pay $$ to vote • Grandfather clause: No restrictions for veteran voters, their descendents

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