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Bloodborne Pathogens. Presented By. Objectives. Training Types Safety Precautions Exposure Situation. Training Requirements. Provide at no cost to employees during working hours Provide at time of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure and at least annually thereafter

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  1. Bloodborne Pathogens Presented By

  2. Objectives • Training • Types • Safety Precautions • Exposure Situation

  3. Training Requirements • Provide at no cost to employees during working hours • Provide at time of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure and at least annually thereafter • Additional training needed when existing tasks are modified or new tasks are required which affect the worker’s occupational exposure • Maintain training records for 3 years

  4. Training Elements • Copy of the standard • Modes of transmission • Site-specific exposure control plan • Hazard recognition • Use of engineering controls, work practices and PPE • Live question and answer sessions

  5. What Are Bloodborne Pathogens? Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and other infectious material such as saliva, semen and vaginal fluid which can cause disease in people.

  6. Types of Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens Include • Malaria • Syphilis • Brucellosis • Hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) • Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  7. Hepatitis B (HBV)…and Hepatitis C (HCV) • is a virus that causes infection and inflammation of the liver • is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact • can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis & liver cancer • can survive in dried blood for up to seven days

  8. No Cure for HBV or HCV • There is no "cure" or specific treatment for HBV • Many people develop antibodies to fight the disease which may prevent future infection • There is no vaccine for HCV at this time • HCV is also known as a “silent” hepatitis as there can be a prolonged dormancy period without symptoms • HCV treatment depends on symptoms at diagnosis; there is no cure

  9. Hepatitis B Vaccination Requirements • Must make available, free of charge at a reasonable time and place, to all employees at risk of exposure within 10 working days of initial assignment unless: • employee has had the vaccination • antibody testing reveals immunity • The vaccination must be performed by a licensed healthcare professional OSHA Office of Training and Education

  10. Hepatitis B VaccinationRequirements (cont’d) • Must be provided even if employee initially declines but later decides to accept the vaccination • Employees who decline the vaccination must sign a declination form • Employees are not required to participate in antibody prescreening program to receive vaccination series • Vaccination booster doses must be provided if recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service OSHA Office of Training and Education

  11. Vaccination Process • Series of three (3) shots for HBV. • Second shot is given one month after the first • Third shot follows five months after the second. • Series of two (2) shots for HAV at (1) and (6) months. This series gradually builds up the body's immunity to the Hepatitis A & B virus.

  12. Medical Recordkeeping Requirements • Employee’s name and social security number • Employee’s hepatitis B vaccination status • Results of examinations, medical testing, and post-exposure evaluation and follow-up procedures • Health care professional’s written opinion • Information provided to the health care professional • Employee medical records must be kept confidential and not disclosed or reported without the employee’s written consent (unless required by law) • Medical records must be maintained for duration of employment plus 30 years according to OSHA’s rule governing access to employee exposure and medical records

  13. HBV and HCV Symptoms • Mild flu-like symptoms • Fatigue • Possible stomach pain • Loss of appetite • Nausea • Jaundice • Darkened urine

  14. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. • It may be many years before AIDS actually develops.

  15. HIV HIV attacks the body's immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure.

  16. HIV and Direct Contact The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other potentially infectious materials.

  17. HIV Symptoms Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often include: • Weakness • Fever • Sore throat • Nausea • Headaches • Diarrhea • White coating on the tongue • Weight loss • Swollen lymph glands

  18. Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as: • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial fluid • Pleural fluid • Peritoneal fluid • Amniotic fluid • Saliva

  19. Skin Provides a Barrier Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against bloodborne pathogens. However, infected blood can enter your system through: • Open sores • Cuts • Abrasions • Acne • Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters

  20. Mucous Membranes Bloodborne pathogens may also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the • Eyes • Nose • Mouth

  21. Universal Precautions • Universal Precautions is an approach to infection control that considers all bodily fluids to be potentially infectious.

  22. Engineering Controls • Engineering Controls seek to isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace at the source of exposure. • Engineering controls include: safety needles, sharps containers, and single use vacutainerholders

  23. Work Practice Controls • Work practice controls are used when engineering controls cannot entirely remove a potential exposure. • Work practice controls alter the manner in which a task is performed. • Work practice controls include proper use of PPE, good hand-washing practices, and waste disposal of PPE and regulated waste.

  24. Why Is This An Issue • The ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) covers workers with communicable disease. • Infected people do not have to disclose their status openly, and employers cannot discriminate against their status, if it’s known. • Your co-worker could have HIV (or other diseases) and you wouldn’t even know.

  25. What if ? • Where may you run into a potential Bloodborne Pathogen Situation?

  26. Personal Protective Equipment • Create a barrier between you and the exposure. • Gloves • Most Important • Hypoallergenic • Variety of sizes • Accessible • Training

  27. Other Essential PPE • Eye Protection • The eye can be a route of transmission for nearly all body fluids. • Blood, saliva, amniotic fluid etc.

  28. Other Essential PPE • Gowns • Masks • Use whenever there is potential for high volume exposure. • Child Birth, Amputation etc.

  29. Spill Cleanup • Mark off area with signage or tape • Carefully cover the spill with paper towels, rags or spill kit absorbant (eg:bloodstopper) • Clean and disinfect area properly • Wear gloves and any additionally required PPE to collect and dispose of waste • Always use mechanical device to pick up or remove broken sharps debris • Label containers if needed • Wash hands

  30. What to do if an exposure occurs? • Wash exposed area with soap and water • Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water • Irrigate eyes with water or saline • Report the exposure • Direct the worker to a healthcare professional

  31. Post-Exposure Follow-Up • Document routes of exposure and how exposure occurred • Record injuries from contaminated sharps in a sharps injury log, if required • Obtain consent from the source individual and the exposed employee and test blood as soon as possible after the exposure incident • Provide risk counseling and offer post-exposure protective treatment for disease when medically indicated in accordance with current U.S. Public Health Service guidelines • Provide written opinion of findings to employer and copy to employee within 15 days of the evaluation

  32. Summary • Consider all body fluids as potentially infectious • Use proper PPE in situations with Bloodborne Pathogens • Report all suspected exposures • Don't handle sharps or broken glass with your hands • Properly dispose of pathogen waste, PPE and Sharps

  33. Treat Blood and Body Fluid Like a Hazardous Material. Questions?

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