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ADRENAL HORMONES

BIOCHEMISTRY

mprasadnaidu
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ADRENAL HORMONES

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  1. Adrenal glands and Disorders M.Prasad Naidu MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D.Research Scholar

  2. Disorders of adrenal glands • Hyperactivity:- • 1. Cushing’s syndrome • 2. Hyperaldosteronism • 3. Adrenogenital syndrome • Hypoactivity:- • 1. chronic adrenal insufficiency:Addison’s disease • 2. acute adrenal insufficiency: Addisonian crisis or Adrenal crisis • 3. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

  3. Cushing’s syndrome • A disorder characterized by obesity due to hypersecretion of GCs. • Causes:- • Due to excessive secretion of GCs. • Particularly due to oversecretion of cortisol • If it is due to pituitary origincushing’s Di • If it is due to adrenal origin cushing’s Sy

  4. Pituitary origin(cushing’s disease) • ↑ of ACTH causes ↑ secretion of GCs • Elevation of ACTH secretion occurs due to • 1. Tumor in pituitary cells particularly in basophils which secrete ACTH. • 2. cancer of lungs • 3. hypothalamic disorder causing ↑ CRF

  5. Adrenal origin(cushing’s syndrome) • Increased secretion of Cortisol occurs in the following conditions. • 1. Tumor in zona fasciculata of A.cortex. • 2. carcinoma of adrenal cortex. • 3. Treatment with excessive dose of ACTH which stimulates A.cortex excessively. • 4. Treatment with excessive GCs can also cause Cushing’s syndrome.

  6. symptoms • there is redistribution of fat in abnormal manner (pot belly) • Obesity affecting the face • The muscles become weak bcos of protein depletion. • Osteoporosis develops and bones become susceptable to fracture. • Hyperglycemia  due to gluconeogenesis • Hyperglycemia leads to glucosuria and adrenal diabetes. • Hypertension.

  7. Addison’s disease • Causes:- failure of a.cortex to secrete corticosteroids occurs due to the following: • 1. atrophy of A.cortex due to autoimmune diseases • 2. destruction of the gland during TB • 3. destruction of hormone secreting cells in A.cortex by malignant tissues. • 4. congenital failure to secrete cortisol • 5. failure of anterior pituitary • 6. lesion in area of hypathalamus where corticotropin releasing hormone is produced.

  8. Signs and symptoms • Pigmentation of skin & mucus membrane • Muscular weakness • Hypotension • Hypoglycemia • Nausea, vomitting & diarrhea (if prolonged leads to dehydration & loss of body wt.) • Susceptibility to any type of infection and • Inability to withstand any stress • ↓cardiac output and decreased workload of the heart leading to decrease in the size of heart.

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