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Review of Chapter 4: Physical Behavior of Matter

Review of Chapter 4: Physical Behavior of Matter. Heating Curve. Melting also known as fusion. Boiling also known as vaporization. Cooling Curve. Condensation is the reverse of boiling Freezing is also called solidification. Cutting Out the Middle Man.

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Review of Chapter 4: Physical Behavior of Matter

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  1. Review ofChapter 4: Physical Behavior of Matter

  2. Heating Curve Melting also known as fusion Boiling also known as vaporization

  3. Cooling Curve Condensation is the reverse of boiling Freezing is also called solidification

  4. Cutting Out the Middle Man • Sublimation is solid going directly to gas, skipping the gas phase • Deposition is a gas becoming solid, skipping the gas phase

  5. Heat & Temperature • Heat is energy transferred between two things • Always flows from high temp to low temp • Measured in unit joules (J) • Temperature measures average kinetic energy • Only depends on energy, not amount of stuff • 2 temp scales: Celsius (°C) and Kelvin (K) • K = °C + 273

  6. q = mCT • q = heat (joules, J) • m = mass (g) • C = specific heat (on Reference Table) • T = change in temp (Tend - Tstart) How many joules of heat are absorbed when 50 g H2O are heated from 30.2 °C to 58.6 °C ?

  7. Heat of Fusion • Energy needed to melt a solid to liquid • q = mHf Hf = heat of fusion (on Ref. Tab) • How many joules are needed to melt 255 g of ice at 0 °C

  8. Heat of Vaporization • Energy needed to boil a liquid to gas • q = mHv Hv = heat of vap. (on Ref. Tab) • How many joules are needed to vaporize 423 g of water at 100 °C ?

  9. Kinetic-Molecular Theory • “Ideal gas” rules: gas particles move randomly, don’t attract each other, are very far apart • ***Not really true, but true at low pressures and high temperatures*** • More particles in a container = higher pressure • Temperature/pressure/volume all connected

  10. Combined Gas Law • What volume will a gas occupy if the pressure on 244 cm at 4 atm is increased to 6 atm? Assume temperature remains constant. 3

  11. Go over the couple of mixture separation techniques in the book yourselves

  12. Review ofChapter 5:The Periodic Table

  13. Study the properties of metals/nonmetals/metalloids

  14. All of this is on Table S • Ionization energy is energy needed to remove most loosely bound electron from an atom • IE increases  and  • Electronegativity is attraction for electrons • EN increases increases  and  • Atomic radii measures size of an atom, half the distance between adjacent nuclei • AR decreases  and 

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