Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers

1. Shelly Cashman SeriesDiscovering Computers Operating Systems and Utility Programs

2. CHAPTER 8 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES • Define the term operating system • Describe the features and functions of an operating system • Explain the Startup Process for a personal computer • Explain the difference between proprietary and portable operating systems • Name and briefly describe the major operating systems that are being used today • Discuss the purpose of various utility programs

3. WHAT IS SYSTEM SOFTWARE? • Consists of all the programs, including the operating systems, that are related to controlling the operation of the computer hardware • Operating System • Utility Programs

4. WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? • A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer and functions between the user, the application programs and the computer hardware • Resident • Nonresident Operating System Animation

5. Next Operating Systems What are the functions of an operating system? p.8.3 Fig. 8-1 • start up the computer • administer security • control a network • access the Web • monitor performanceand provide housekeepingservices • schedule jobs andconfigure devices • manage memory • manage programs • provide user interface

6. What are some characteristics of operating systems? device-dependent One that runs only on specific type of computer device-independent Runs on many manufacturers’ computers proprietary software Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model downward-compatible Recognizes and works with application software written for earlier version of operating system upward-compatible Written for earlier version of operating system, but also runs with new version Next Types of Operating Systems p.8.17

7. WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? • Proprietary - Software • Only run on specified hardware • Most Operating Systems • Cross Platform - Software • Will run on many different hardware platforms Operating System Animation

8. Next Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of operating systems? p.8.17 Fig. 8-18

9. What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Refers to several single user operating systems developed in the early 1980s for personal computers commands entered by user Next Stand-Alone Operating Systems p.8.17

10. What are features of most Windows operating systems? Active Desktop™ FAT32 Registry Checker Taskbar/toolbars Windows Explorer has a Web browser look and feel Increased speed Tune-Up Wizard Multiple display support Universal Serial Bus Hardware support Update Wizard Accessibility Settings Wizard Next Stand-Alone Operating Systems p.8.18

11. WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? • User interface • Command-line user interface • Menu-driven user interface • Graphical user interface (GUI)

12. Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen What is a user interface? command-line (DOS) interface graphical (Windows) interface Next Operating System Functions Click to view animation p.8.7 Fig. 8-6

13. FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM • Process management • Single tasking • Multitasking • Foreground • Background • Multiuser • Many simultaneous users • Multiprocessing • requires multiple CPUs • Fault Tolerant Click to see Figure 8-4

14. FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM • Memory management • Buffers • Input / Output • Virtual memory management vs Real memory Click to see Figure 8-7

15. What is virtual memory (VM) management? Operating system allocates portion of hard disk to function like RAM Paging Thrashing page swapped out page swapped out disk (virtual memory) disk (virtual memory) disk (virtual memory) RAM (physical memory) RAM (physical memory) RAM (physical memory) Next page swapped in Operating System Functions p.8.10 Fig. 8-9 page swapped in

16. How does an operating system schedule jobs? Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority job An operation the processor manages transferring items from storage to memory and from memory to storage receiving data from an input device sending information to an output device processing instructions Next Operating System Functions p.8.10

17. Print jobs sent to buffer instead of directly to printer, where print jobs wait their turn What is spooling? print spooler application print job print queue Next Operating System Functions jobs to be printed jobs being printed disk p.8.11 Fig. 8-10 server laser printer

18. What is a device driver? Small program that tells operating system how to communicate with a device Each device requires its own specific driver Plug and Play device driver Next Operating System Functions Click to view Web Link then click Device Drivers p.8.11

19. FUNCTIONS OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM • System administration • System performance • Response time • CPU Utilization • Thrashing • System security • Userid • Password • Disk and file management

20. What is booting? Process of starting or restarting a computer cold boot Process of turning on a computer after it has been powered off completely • warm boot • Process of restarting a computer that is already powered on • Reset Button • Shut Menu selection • CTRL-ALT-DELETE Next Operating System Functions p.8. 4

21. LOADING AN OPERATING SYSTEM • Loading an operating system • Power supply • BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) • Start up instructions • POST (Power On Self Test) • Compare POST to CMOS • Look for boot program • The program that loads the Operating System

22. BIOS version and copyright notice total amount of memory devices detected and tested Windowsmessage sound card and CD-ROM drivers loaded Next Operating System Functions What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? p.8.4 Fig. 8-3

23. LOADING AN OPERATING SYSTEM • Loading an operating system (cont.) • Load and execute boot program (ROM) • Kernel Load • System configuration information • Registry • Load device drivers • Load remainder of operating system • Start Up Folder Click to see Figure 8-11

24. Recovery Disk • Boot drive may become damaged • Boot from a special diskette • Recovery Disk • Emergency Repair Disk • Rescue disk • Recreate each time you make major configuration changes to your system

25. UTILITIES • File viewer • Quick View • Imaging Preview • File compression • PK Zip • Win Zip • Backup • Diagnostics • Dr Watson • Scan Disk Click to see Figure 8-18

26. UTILITIES • Format • Disk Defragmenter • Uninstaller • Antivirus • Screen saver Click to see Figure 8-22

27. What is a file allocation table (FAT)? A table of information that operating system uses to locate files on a disk Reformatting disk usually erases only file allocation table and leaves actual files on disk Next Utilities p.8. 15

28. LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS • Used to convert programming instructions into binary code that a computer can understand • Compiler • Machine Code • Interpeter • JAVA Virtual machine

29. What are features of a network operating system? Server is computer that controls access to network and provides centralized storage area Other computers on network are called clients client server Next Operating System Functions Click to view video p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

30. What is UNIX? Command-line multitasking operating system Next Network Operating Systems Click to view Web Link then click UNIX p.8.23 Fig. 8-24

31. What is Linux? Popular, free, open-source multitaskingUNIX-type operating system Next Network Operating Systems • Open-source software means code is available to the public p.8.24 Fig. 8-25

32. What is Solaris? UNIX-type operating system designed specifically fore-commerce applications Can manage high-traffic accounts Incorporates security necessary for Web transactions Developed by Sun Microsystems Next Network Operating Systems p.8.25

33. End Chapter 8