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(Interactive) Cinematography

(Interactive) Cinematography. Ref: Chap. 16 (Core Techniques and Algorithms in Game Programming). Introduction. Placing the camera is extremely important from a narrative standpoint Helps to convey the story [interesting games spoiled by bad camera angles]. FPS.

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(Interactive) Cinematography

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  1. (Interactive) Cinematography Ref: Chap. 16 (Core Techniques and Algorithms in Game Programming)

  2. Introduction • Placing the camera is extremely important from a narrative standpoint • Helps to convey the story • [interesting games spoiled by bad camera angles]

  3. FPS • Camera movement: 4 DOF (x,y,z,yaw) • Pitch (sometimes); strafing (moving sideways) • E.g., keyboard (playerpos) + mouse (orientation) • Adding inertia to camera for increased realism • implement control on acceleration (not velocity) • [opengl implementation]

  4. forward back strafe FPS Control Use mouse to change direction

  5. -Z Right: x+=rcosq z-= rsinq Left: x-=rcosq z+= rsinq Up: x -= rsinq z-=rcosq Down:x+= rsinq z+=rcosq q playerpos X Implementing FPS

  6. Keyboard: still position control Mouse drag: Speed proportional to torque Each jerk represent an impulsive torque Need friction to stop Time-based motion by Euler integration Inertia Camera

  7. Mouse Movement • Use glutPassiveMotionFunc • Detect moving direction • Detect moving speed • Related API calls: • glutPassiveMotionFunc, glutSetCursor, glutWarpPointer • Ref: Ref:http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=202516 • Issues: • Hide mouse cursor • Lock mouse focus

  8. Flight Simulation • Placing virtual camera inside a cockpit • Complexity: • 6 DOF • Careful for upside-down motion (flying a loop) • Euler angles: gimbal lock problem • Use quaternion [how? Code]

  9. Not to occlude the enemy Problem: rotating will cause the camera to define large arcs (motion sickness) Solution: inertia camera Interpolate orientation: quaternion Problem: camera colliding with level geometry Solution: transparent wall between Change camera location: move up (lower roof), sideways (corner), in front of the player Third-person Camera

  10. Camera position Camera lookat Fwd distance Player position Third Person Camera

  11. Cinematic Cameras

  12. Camera Styles • Fixed camera • Dolly cameras • Crane cameras • Steadycams • Implement a real-time algorithm that selects the best camera according to heuristics (e.g., the one closest to player)

  13. Placement Algorithms • Basic rules: • show everything relevant to the scene • Should be placed so obstruction between relevant information does not occur • Aimed at a point of interest • Main character, other character in the vicinity, pickable items closer than a threshold, objects relevant to game play (e.g., obstacle)

  14. Ex: Camera Placement Dolly Pan Fixed Dolly Pan

  15. Agent-based Approach • AI techniques (rule-based system) to model the decision process used by our virtual cinematographer in order to call the best possible shot

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