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Individual Differences in Attention During Category Learning

Individual Differences in Attention During Category Learning. Michael D. Lee UC Irvine. Ruud Wetzels University of Amsterdam. Kruschke (1993) Condensation Experiment. 8 stimuli varying in their box height and interior line position

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Individual Differences in Attention During Category Learning

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  1. Individual Differences in Attention During Category Learning Michael D. LeeUC Irvine Ruud WetzelsUniversity of Amsterdam

  2. Kruschke (1993) Condensation Experiment • 8 stimuli varying in their box height and interior line position • Divided into 2 categories, so that both dimensions are relevant • 40 participants did 40 blocks of trials with corrective feedback

  3. Generalized Context Model

  4. Results of Standard GCM Analysis • Marginal posterior over the attention parameter indicates both dimensions are important • Familiar story, and a strong temptation to stop there …

  5. Posterior Predictive • “Violin plots” of posterior predictive for each stimuli, together with aggregated data (black line) and individual data (broken lines)

  6. Types of Individual Differences

  7. Allowing for Individual Differences • Continuous individual differences are modeled by drawing subject parameters from an over-arching hierarchical distribution • Discrete individual differences are modeled as a latent mixture, so different subjects can be drawn from different group distributions • Let WinBUGS do the heavy lifting, check chains for convergence, etc, …

  8. Results of Individual Differences Analysis • Suggests there are two groups, with different attention

  9. Bayes Factor • Savage-Dickey method gives approximate Bayes Factor of 2.3 in favor there being two groups (rather than one) “artist’s impression”

  10. Posterior Predictive Distribution • Posterior predictive distributions of categorization behavior are qualitatively different • tracks people’s behavior at both the sub-group and individual level

  11. Interpretation of Groups • The two groups are shown in the panels • The bars show the number of “A” vs “B” category decisions made for each stimulus

  12. Interpretation of Groups • The group on the left pays attention to position, and so makes mistakes with stimuli 4 and 5

  13. Interpretation of Groups • The group on the left pays attention to position, and so makes mistakes with stimuli 4 and 5 • The group on the right pays attention to height, and so makes mistakes with stimuli 2 and 7

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