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Transport Systems in the Body

Transport Systems in the Body. Red Blood Cells (RBCs). AKA erythrocytes Functions in respiratory gas transportation (with hemoglobin) Flexible biconcave shape Mature cells lack nucleus Formed in the red bone marrow Confined to blood stream due to s ize

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Transport Systems in the Body

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  1. Transport Systems in the Body

  2. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • AKA erythrocytes • Functions in respiratory gas transportation (with hemoglobin) • Flexible biconcave shape • Mature cells lack nucleus • Formed in the red bone marrow • Confined to blood stream due to size • In the adult male, normal RBC count is 4.5 to 6.3 million • Makes up around 40-50% of blood

  3. Leukocytes • AKA white blood cells • Functions in immunity/protection for the body through phagocytosis • “phago-” to eat • “-cyto-” cells • “-osis” process • Made in bone marow • Have cell nucleus • Not confined to blood stream • Makes up about 1% of blood • Numbers increase when fighting pathogens

  4. Platelets • Functions in blood clotting • Contain blood clotting chemicals • Are cell fragments • Produced in bone marrow • Forms a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels. • Active tissue contraction occurs after clot formation has initiated

  5. Is that all??? • Plasma – Contains dissolved materials and wastes • Straw colored • Plasma makes up about 50 to 60 percent of blood volume, and is more than 90 percent water.

  6. Functions of Blood • Distribution of oxygen, nutrients, metabolic wastes, and hormones • Regulation of body temperature, pH, circulatory fluid volume • Protection against blood loss and infection • Average volume ~ 5L • Approximately 8% of body weight • 95% of blood components are made in the bone marrow

  7. What Is A Blood Type? • four blood groups: O, A, B and AB • Based on antigens on the blood cell • Rh factor (antigen) will make each group either positive or negative

  8. Antigens and Antibodies • Antigens are cell’s ID tags • Proteins located on cell membrane • Blood contains antibodies for unlike blood groups • Antibodies are large proteins produced by white blood cells • Causes agglutination (clumping) of blood cells when different antigens are present

  9. Type A Blood antigens antibodies

  10. Type A • Has A antigens • Has B antibodies (Anti B) • 42% of Canadians share this blood type

  11. Type B Blood antigens antibodies

  12. Type B • Has B antigens • Has A antibodies (Anti-A) • 9% of Canadians share this blood type

  13. Type AB Blood antigens

  14. Type AB • Has A and B antigens • Has no antibodies • Universal Recipient!!! • 3% of Canadians share this blood type

  15. Type O Blood antibodies antibodies

  16. Type O • Has no antigens • Has A and B antibodies (Anti-A and Anti-B) • Universal Donor!!! • 46% of Canadians share this blood type

  17. Blood Transfusions • History: • English physician during the mid-17th century who infused a wounded soldier with sheep blood • 19th century, European and American doctors used transfusions in a last ditch attempt to save soldiers and other patients with severe wounds • Doctors in the 19th century also experimented with a variety of blood substitutes, including milk, water, and even oils. • ABO blood typesdiscovered in 1900

  18. So what does that mean today?? • Canadian Blood Services maintains bank • Shelf life is ~35 days • Tests blood from donor • Recipient's blood tested for compatibility with donor to prevent hemolysis • Whole Blood Donations: every 56 days, 450 ml given • Autologous Donations: own patient’s blood • Aphaeresis Donations: parts of blood are taken, some is returned • Plasma Donation • Platelet Donations • Stem Cell Donations

  19. Who Gets What?

  20. Blood Vessels • In closed circulatory systems, blood is confined to vessels • Blood exchanges materials with the interstitial fluid bathing the cells • Arteries lead blood to capillaries from heart • Veins return blood from the capillaries • Action occurs in capillaries

  21. Arteries: • carry blood away from the heart to organs throughout the body • Arteries are thicker than veins…why?? • Thick layer of smooth muscle (nonstriated; involuntary)= middle layer • Inside layer=endothelium • Outside layer = thick elastic connective tissue

  22. Capillaries • are microscopic vessels with very thin, porous walls • Are a single of flattened cells • Site of gas exchange • Occurs due to pressure • Water, sugars, salts, oxygen and waste products pass through the capillary walls

  23. Veins • return blood to the heart • Categorized by direction of flow, NOT whether or not they contain oxygen • Thinner layer of smooth muscle = middle layer • Endothelium = inside layer • Thin connective tissue, not very elastic = outside layer • VALVES to prevent back flow of blood • Blood flows mainly due to muscle action

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