1 / 15

Transport systems in animals

Transport systems in animals. We’ll be discussing. Functions of a transport/circulatory system Invertebrate circulation Diffusion Aided by gastrovascular cavity Water vascular system Open circulatory system Closed circulatory system Vertebrate circulation Fishes Amphibians. Reptiles

marinel
Télécharger la présentation

Transport systems in animals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Transport systems in animals

  2. We’ll be discussing • Functions of a transport/circulatory system • Invertebrate circulation • Diffusion • Aided by gastrovascular cavity • Water vascular system • Open circulatory system • Closed circulatory system • Vertebrate circulation • Fishes • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals • Pathway of blood • Cardiac cycle • Maintenance of heartbeat • Principles governing blood circulation • Lymphatic system • Blood composition and function • Cardiovascular disease

  3. Functions of the circulatory system • Transports materials • Nutrients from digested food • Respiratory gases: CO2 and O2 • Waste materials: toxins and nitrogenous wastes • Antibodies • Hormones • Enzymes • Immune functions • Maintains homeostasis • Blood pH • Heat transport

  4. How are materials transported in multicellular organisms?Phylum Porifera

  5. How are materials transported in multicellular organisms? Gastrovascular cavity in simple invertebrates • Cnidarians (e.g. Hydra) and flatworms (e.g. planarians) • No system required • Single opening: exchange of materials with the environment • Central cavity for digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body • Body walls two cell layers thick  materials undergo diffusion

  6. How are materials transported in multicellular organisms? Water vascular system in echinoderms • multi-purpose: locomotion, food and waste transport, respiration • movement of muscles pump water into canals • closed system of canals connecting tube feet • madreporite ring canal  radial and lateral canal  tube feet  ampullae

  7. How are materials transported in multicellular organisms? Open circulatory system • Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum Mollusca (with one exception) • hemolymph • heart(s)  sinuses ostia heart(s) • diffusion from sinuses to organs • often serve a support purpose • disadvantage: loss of pressure in sinuses • insects: well-developed respiratory systems, O2 not transported through the blood

  8. How are materials transported in multicellular organisms? Closed circulatory system or cardiovascular system • cephalopods, annelids, vertebrates • presence of blood vessels • advantages • rapid flow • may direct blood to specific tissues • blood cells and large molecules remain within vessels • can support higher levels of metabolic activity

  9. General plan of the cardiovascular system • Heart • Atrium • Ventricle • Blood vessels • Arteries • Arterioles • Capillaries and capillary beds • Venules • Veins • Blood

  10. Vertebrate adaptations of the cardiovascular system FISHES • Single-circulation • Fish heart • 2-chambered • atrium and ventricle • African lungfish heart • 3-chambered • 2 atria • LA: O2-rich blood • RA: O2-poor blood • spiral fold • partially divided ventricle

  11. Vertebrate adaptations of the cardiovascular system Amphibians • Pulmocutaneous and systemic circulation are partly separated • Amphibian heart • 1 ventricle • 2 atria: • LA: O2-rich blood • RA: O2-poor blood • advantage: oxygen-rich blood reaches the body’s organs faster • disadvantage: some mixing of O2-rich and poor blood occurs

  12. Vertebrate adaptations of the cardiovascular system Reptiles • Reptilian heart • 3-chambers (crocodilians have 4) • 2 atria • 1 ventricle (2 in crocodiles and alligators) • partially divided, decreases mixing

  13. Vertebrate adaptations of the cardiovascular system Birds and Mammals • 4 chambered heart: • 2 atria • 2 ventricles • full separation of pulmonary and systemic circuits • Advantages • no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood • gas exchange is maximized • pulmonary and systemic circuits operate at different pressures • Importance • Endothermic  high nutrient and O2 demands in tissues • Numerous vessels  great deal of resistance, so requires high pressure

  14. Blood flow in mammals • R side of heart: • pulmonary circuit • L side of heart: • systemic circuit • one way valves: • atrioventricular valves • semilunar valves

  15. Blood flow in mammals • right atrium receives O2-poor blood from superior and inferior venae cavae • from right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve • pumped into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve to lungs • O2-rich blood from lungs is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins • enters the left ventricle via the mitral or bicuspid valve • exits the left ventricle into the aorta via the aortic semilunar valve • circulated to body tissues

More Related