NANOTECHNOLOGY NANOCIRCUTRY & NANOCOMPUTING PRESENTED BY

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY NANOCIRCUTRY & NANOCOMPUTING PRESENTED BY

2. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? Nanotechnology deals with the study of Materials of size 10-9 m. The materials in nanometer scale posses novel properties such as high efficiency & capacity than the normal materials.

3. WHAT IS NANO CIRCUTRY? Nanocircuitry deals with minimization of circuit size to nano scale. It helps the scientists & engineers in reduction of the size of computers & other electronic devices. The age of nanocircuitary begins with the invention of nanotransistors & ultra capacitors.

4. MOORE’S LAW:moore’s law states that,”the speed of the computer will be doubled in every 18 to 24 months.This is made possible by increasing the number of transistors fitted into a circuit.

5. ULTRA-CAPACITORS CAPACITORS ARE ENERGY SAVING DEVICES. THEY CONSIST OF TWO TERMINALS EACH STORE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE CHARGES. THE ULTRA CAPACITORS ARE MADE FROM CARBON NANO TUBES. THEY HAVE HIGH RELIABILITY,COMPACTNESS.

6. TRANSISTORS: Transistors are the devices that forms the integral parts of the circuit. Transistors converts the weak signals into stronger signals. To convert the transistors to nano scale we are in need of switch on to carbon base instead of silicon.

7. Fig: TRANSFORMATION OF TRANSISTORS FROM HUGE SIZE TO NANO-CIRCUITS

8. CARBON NANOTUBES CARBON NANO TUBES ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF NANO CIRCUITS. THEY ARE COMPOSED OF C-40 ATOMS. THEY ARE PATENTED BY IBM.

9. LATEST NANOPRODUCTS I-POD NANO developed by apple in 2007. Processors developed by IBM &VIA technologies.

10. Fig : I-POD NANO

11. RISKS: The electronics scientists need to develop new circuits to cope with nano circuits working with carbon nanotubes . The transistors will be 100 times smaller than the thickness of human hair so it is difficult to identify the problems in it. The ultracapacitors produces high heat, till today there is no remedy given to cool it.

12. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF NANOCOMPUTING: DISPLAYS QUANTUM COMPUTERS

13. Nanoelectronics and Computing Sensors • Molecular electronics & photonics • Computing architecture • Assembly • Life detection • Crew health & safety • Vehicle health Structural Materials • Composites • Multifunctional materials • Self healing NASA Nanotechnology Program Content • • Nanotechnology Program Elements • - Nanoelectronics and Computing • - Sensors • - Structural Materials

14. NASA Mission Needs • Onboard computing systems for future autonomous intelligent vehicles - powerful, compact, low power consumption, radiation hard • High performance computing (Tera- and Peta-flops) - processing satellite data - integrated space vehicle engineering - climate modeling • Revolutionary computing technologies • Smart, compact sensors, ultrasmall probes • Advanced miniaturization of all systems • Microspacecraft • 'Thinking' spacecraft • Micro-, nano-rovers for planetary exploration • Novel materials for future spacecraft

15. NASA Nanotechnology Roadmap C A P A B I L I T Y Multi-Functional Materials Adaptive Self-Repairing Space Missions Autonomous Spacecraft (40% less mass) Revolutionary Aircraft Concepts (30% less mass, 20% less emission, 25% increased range) Reusable Launch Vehicle (20% less mass, 20% less noise) High Strength Materials (>10 GPa) Bio-Inspired Materials and Processes Increasing levels of system design and integration • Biomimetic material systems • Single-walled nanotube fibers • Nanotube composites • Integral thermal/shape control • Smart “skin” materials Materials • Low-Power CNT electronic components • Molecular computing/data storage • Fault/radiation tolerant electronics • Nano electronic “brain” for space Exploration • Biological computing Electronics/ computing • In-space nanoprobes • Nano flight system components • Quantum navigation sensors • Integrated nanosensor systems • NEMS flight systems @ 1 µW Sensors, s/c components > 2002 2004 2006 2011 2016

16. hn e- Mission Complexity Compute Capacity Nanoelectronics and Computing RoadmapImpact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science 2002 2005 2010 2015 Sensor Web Robot Colony Nano-electronic components Europa Sub Ultra high density storage RLV Biomimetic, radiation resistant molecular computing Biological Molecules CNT Devices

17. Mission Complexity Sensor Capacity Nanosensor Roadmap Impact on Space Transportation, HEDS, Space Science and Astrobiology 2002 2005 2010 2015 Optical Sensors for Synthetic Vision 2020 Sensor Web Nanotube Vibration Sensor for Propulsion Diagnostics Mars Robot Colony Multi-sensor Arrays (Chemical, optical and bio) Europa Sub Biosensors Sharp CJV Spacestation Nanopore for in situ biomark-sensor 2003 ISPP Missions too early for nanotechnology impact 1999 DSI RAX

18. Nano-Materials RoadmapImpact on Space Transportation, Space Science and HEDS 2002 2005 2010 2015 Generation 3 RLV HEDS Habitats Non-tacky temperature Tacky CNT Tethers SELF-HEALING MATERIALS Mission Complexity RLV Cryo Tanks Production of single CNT SELF-ASSEMBLING MATERIALS NANOTUBE COMPOSITES MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Strong Smart Structures Nanotextiles CNT = Carbon Nanotubes

19. Biomimetics and Bio-inspired SystemsImpact on Space Transportation, Space Science and Earth Science 2002 2010 2020 2030 Embryonics Self Assembled Array Space Transportation Biologically inspired aero-space systems Mission Complexity Brain-like computing Sensor Web Extremophiles Mars in situ life detector Skin and Bone Self healing structure and thermal protection systems DNA Computing Biological Mimicking Artificial nanopore high resolution Biological nanopore low resolution