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Topic: “PLANT QUARANTINE”

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TROPICAL VEGETABLES ON 14-12-2011. Topic: “PLANT QUARANTINE” LIFTING THE BAN, DEPLOYMENT OF VIETNAM FRUIT EXPORT TO DEMANDING MARKETS LIKE THE U.S., JAPAN, KOREA, AUS., NZ., CHILE AND VIETNAM FRUIT QUALITY TO EXIST AND DEVELOP IN THESE MARKETS

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Topic: “PLANT QUARANTINE”

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  1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TROPICAL VEGETABLES ON 14-12-2011 Topic: “PLANT QUARANTINE” LIFTING THE BAN, DEPLOYMENT OF VIETNAM FRUIT EXPORT TO DEMANDING MARKETS LIKE THE U.S., JAPAN, KOREA, AUS., NZ., CHILE AND VIETNAM FRUIT QUALITY TO EXIST AND DEVELOP IN THESE MARKETS Either Irradiation or Vapor Heat Treatment is a Pest mitigation measure for choice Dr. Nguyen Huu Dat    Post Entry Plant Quarantine 2         Department of Plant Protection Ho Chi Minh, December 14, 2011

  2. I. INTRODUCTION * Fruit penetration in the demanding markets requires  a lot of time and efforts Before joining the WTO (2003 - 2007), to begin to penetrate fruits in demanding markets like the U.S. and Japan, Vietnam made preparations such as strict compliance with the principles on science, transparency, equivalence and non-discrimination of the SPS agreement with efforts to release the Vietnam fruit prohibition order into the U.S. and Japanese market.

  3. II. CONTENTS Penetrate in markets of the U.S., Japan, Korea

  4. 1. The U.S. market • Process of penetration – ban lifting • Export deployment- process, procedures • Quality maintenance, market enhancement

  5. A. Process of penetration - lifting ban + Preparation step: Actually since early 2003s,  Vietnamese-US Plant Quarantines have made preparations and paid mutual exchange visits to explore the export possibility of Vietnam fruits to the U.S. market + Pest risk assessment: In 2005 the U.S. created favorable conditions for two Vietnam analysts to visit its country to carry out pest risk assessment for dragon fruits to export to the U.S..

  6. + Framework equivalency work plan On 10/7/2007, the FRAMEWORK EQUIVALENCY WORK PLAN was signed by and between Vietnam Plant Protection Dept. and the U.S. Plant Protection and Quarantine Agency to ensure the equivalency between the two countries when implementing a plant quarantine handling measure, specifically irradiation method to remove fruit fly and other identified pests.

  7. + Complete pest risk analysis. Select irradiation solution.The pest risk analysis for the import of dragon fruits into the U.S. supplemented and completed by  the U.S. quarantine experts  in early 2007 was announced to the U.S. public for them to contribute opinions within 60 days (deadline on 07/08/2008). After this time, the U.S. has agreed to allow the import of Vietnam dragon fruit irradiation-treated to eliminate 3 types of fruit fly that Vietnam - U.S. agreed in the analysis.

  8. + Pre-clearance, off-shore programs. To prepare for this event and also to ensure that Vietnam dragon fruit meets export standards and handle, remove fruit fly as desired, a team of plant quarantine experts  from the U.S. visited Vietnam from early June, 2008 along with experts from the Department of Plant Protection to understand the real conditions to prepare for signing of the Irradiation Operational Work Plan between 3 parties: Vietnam Plant Quarantine, the U.S. plant quarantine and Vietnam cooperator representative.

  9. + Contents of pre-clearance program Since the signing ceremony held on 26.6.2008, Vietnam and U.S. experts have been actively deploying the contents of dragon fruit export pre-clearance program. Three main contents of the program are: 1/ Inspect, contribute revision and certify,recognize for the gardensapplied Standard of VietGAP or EURO GAP and the dragon fruits at harvest stage meeting the U.S standards for chemical residues. 2/ Inspect, contribute revision and certify, recognize for the packaging facilities with sufficient conditions to package dragon fruits for the U.S. market. Ensure the fruits are infected or re-infected by described pest before, after packaging and during delivery. 3/  Inspect, contribute revision and certify,recognize that the irradiation facilities (specifically, Son Son facility) are eligible to practice irritationand ensure not being infected by defined pests before irradiation, not being re-infected by flies and other described pests after treatment as well as during storage and shipment to the U.S. after treatment.

  10. Besides, the U.S. plant quarantine experts supported Vietnam experts inestablishingproduction unit code (PUC) and packhouse code (PHC) to trace back product origin favorably in the export process before deploying the first shipments of dragon fruits to the U.S. in late September, 2008. Maintain, further develop and perfect the product traceabilitysystem from 2008 up to present (2011).

  11. + Implementation of pre-clearance program – Requirements and results The gardener: Basically, the U.S. accepted clean production process of dragon fruit under VietGAP or EURO GAP as required specifications for the gardeners to register with Vietnam Plant Protection Department for approval and issuance of certificate for eligible gardeners to export dragon fruits to the US.. 2 / The packer: through field surveys, the U.S. asked our dragon fruit packers to pack under continuum absolute isolation Standard and ensure plant sanitation standards (plant health) from harvest stage to the loading stage to vehicles, ships to the U.S..

  12. Standard gardens Standard packaging plant

  13. + Implementation of pre-clearance program(tt) 3/ So far the program has issued106 PUCs [>1,200ha] for gardeners in the provinces of Binh Thuan, Tien Giang and Long An, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Tay Ninh and Dong Nai to export to the U.S.   .. 4/ Grant 10 PHCs. Currently it is consulting and providing technical supports for one packer in the Cuu Long River Delta and two packers in Binh Thuan. 5/ Irradiation plant: The U.S. also licensed TFC to Son Son irradiation plant in HCMC for it to participate in the export program to the U.S. in 2008. On 7/2009, the 2nd irradiation plant, An Phu Binh Duong was licensed. Minimum absorbed irradiation dose for dragon fruit is 400 gray.

  14. Minimum absorbed radiation dose for dragon fruit: 400 gray

  15. + Implementation of pre-clearance program (tt) 6/ Establish specifications for goods transportation, operation under the U.S. standard and process by means of sea and air.7/ Set up garden codes and PHC and TFC - Sign in IRADS data code.8/ Costs for the entire program are contributed by Vietnam cooperator representatives, ie Son Son and An Phu Binh Duong irradiation companies. Average USD 260-300 thousand/year.

  16. B. Export deployment – Processes, procedures - The U.S. notified the importers in the U.S. to make the procedures for Import permit. - Exchange of information was implemented between the exporter (Vietnam) and importer (the U.S.). - The U.S. appointed its plant quarantine officers (PQO) to stay in Vietnam for a long-term in cooperation with Vietnam PQO to perform off-shore Inspection and irradiation monitoring. - Procedures for export by sea: The first shipment of dragon fruit by San San Co. in late 9/2008 launched in the U.S. in late 10/2008, had good quality, and was officially imported in the U.S. market. Requirements are: after conducting to irradiate and place fruits in containers, Vietnam Customs Officials shall seal the containers at the irradiation plant with the presence of two side PQOs. Then the containers shall be kept intact until to the U.S. - Procedures for export by air: since 18/5/09, dragon fruit export by air has been implemented. Currently both two methods are being applied effectively.

  17. Vietnam dragon fruit transported by sea came to the US with total shipment time of about 21 days (sometimes extended to 30 days, 10 days longer), but fruit quality was very good at the destination port, leave ears were green and met all standards for quarantine and food safety hygience to enter the U.S.

  18. C. Quality maintenance – market enhancement To survive and develop in the U.S. market, we shall: 1/ Continue to control 3 main contents of pre-certification system provided that it always works well through regular inspection and replication of the garden model and packaging facilities; avoid only operating well at the beginning, then cheating or substituting products, self-changing or self-simplifying the process without notifying Vietnam managing agency. 2/ The State-owned agencies of MARD continues to develop GAP system (VietGAP) to enhance and ensure fruit quality maintenance, especially well-manage pesticide use.

  19. C. Quality maintenance – market enhancement (tt) 3/Pick up fruits gently, avoid mechanical injuries, harvest in the early morning, not arrange many fruit layers into the baskets and not dry them in the sun. 4/Transport in cool weather condition, avoid rough roads 5/ Reduce maximum temperature fluctuation amplitudeduring transportation from gardens to the packaging workshops, from packaging workshops to irradiation plants and from irradiation plants to the airport and ports.

  20. C. Quality maintenance – market enhancement (tt) 6/During cold storage in warehouses or in delivery or distribution,reduce the temperature step by step, not increase temperature suddenlyas taking out fruits for sales 7/May-June crop: sunny-rainy season turn, unfavorable time, so be careful when exporting goods, just export by air in this time and export the most carefully-selected materials. 8/July-August period: required to find out about the dragon fruit crop in Florida for timely adjustment of the contract and shipment plans. 9/ Private sector shall unite, coordinate and secure the floor price, make 01 common strategy to improve and maintain the value of the export contracts. Absolutely anti-dumping (from the lesson of Vietnam Basa catfish in the US).

  21. C. Quality maintenance – market enhancement (tt) 10 /Arrange the product quality supervisor at the destination port. 11/ Conduct a common advertising campaign for Vietnam fruits (dragon fruits) in the U.S. restaurants and supermarkets. * The consumption market of dragon fruit in the U.S. is still mostly Asians; hence conduct Promotion Program in the U.S to bring it to native/white Americans: penetrate it into the gastronomical culture of each group of American community.

  22. 12. Competition expectations: will Vietnam dragon fruits always be unique in the international market? • + In the U.S: about 500 ha dragon fruit is planted in Hawaii. • + In Japan: Planted in Okinawa • + In Israel : about 500 ha is planted • + It is grown in Taiwan and also permitted for export to Japan in 2010. • + Thailand also has submitted proposal for export its irradiated dragon fruits to the U.S. (dragon fruit is also grown in Thailand).

  23. D. THE SECOND FRUIT GROUP EXPORTED TO THE U.S. • Rambutan gets export permission to the U.S. in March, 2011 • Fully prepare pre-conditions such as the production area and standard packaging facilities for 3 varieties of fruit and implement dose mapping for rambutan. • Longan, litchi: Deployment stage: the last step of the process of pest risk analysis. • Expected to be exported to the U.S. last month of 2011 or in early 2012.

  24. E. THE THIRD FRUIT GROUP EXPORTED TO THE U.S. • Mango, star apple • Deployment stage: the first step of the pest risk analysis process. • Expected to get export license to the U.S. in 2013. • Already prepare information to supply for the U.S. to analyze risks, such as: the list of pests on these two fruits.

  25. 2. Japan market Following the visit to Japan by Prime Minister Phan Van Khai, since 2004 Department of Plant Protection has begun to penetrate Vietnam's dragon fruit in Japan. Receiving the support from Japan Government through three-year JICA project on enhancing capacity of fruit fly removal quarantine treatment for Vietnam fresh fruits, Plant Protection Department assigned Center for Im-Export Plant Quarantine 2 to implement the technical cooperative project from 2005 to March 2008.

  26. . Test insect:B.dorsalis 1st instar larva

  27. The results of the project were highly appreciated by Vietnam and Japan Ministries of Agriculture. The project created all specifications for vapor heat treatment to remove fruit fly for dragon fruits to export to Japan. After completion of the project, Vietnam Department of Plant Protection also completed the technical report to send to Japan agriculture, forestry and fisheries in 4/2008 for its prohibition order release. On October 2009, Japan removed dragon fruit import prohibition order into Japanese for Vietnam by vapor heat treatment, ending 13-step clearance process of Japan. Dragon fruit has been officially exported to Japan since 11/2009.

  28. 2. Japanese market

  29. After this time, Vietnam exporters can find the import partners in Japan to deploy the dragon fruit export to Japan. Of course, the export of dragon fruit treated by vapor heat to Japan also will be based on the good product management system that the pre-clearance program for dragon fruits is being conducted with the U.S. and creating a common background for both two markets. Japan Yasaka company invested in the first vapor heat treatment plant with commercial scale in Binh Duong Province, to handle the shipments of dragon fruit exported to Japan, after Vietnam officially received release order (2009). Yasaka Co. is followed by Good Life Company in HCMC also building the second vapor heat plant in the U.S.

  30. Vapor heat: 46.5o – 40 minutes[Japan- 2009, Korea- 2010]

  31. Quality maintenance – Japan and Korea market enhancement 1/Pick up fruits gently, avoid mechanical injuries, harvest in the early morning, not arrange many fruit layers into the baskets and not dry them in the sun. 2/ Transport in cool weather condition, avoid rough roads 3/ Reduce maximum temperature fluctuation during fruit transportation from gardens to the processing facilities, from the processing facilities to vapor heat plants, from post-treatment to packaging and cold storage; reduce generally the temperature

  32. Quality maintenance – Japan and Korea market enhancement(tt) 4/Improve fruit sweetness. 5/Ensure fruit peel has the good thickness (fruits developed at 30-32 days from flowering, or anchoring fruit: red fruits account for 70% of area). 6/ Have good tillage with sufficient manure and use the stimulants moderately and harvest as required.

  33. *** The ability to develop dragon fruit export to choosy markets To the U.S.: • 2008: export 100 tons • 2009: export 100 tons • 2010: reaching 850 Tons (an increase by 8.5 times) • 6 early months of 2011: 850 T. Currently maintaining this rate • To Japan and Korea: • 6 early months of 2011: 265 T to Japan and 54 T to Korea. Total: - 6 early months of 2011:1.169 T.

  34. III. CONCLUSIONS Dragon fruit initiates Vietnam export to two choosy market as Japan and the U.S. by two most advanced methods of plant quarantine treatment like Vapor Heat and Irradiation and also is a basis for the promotion of export of the remaining fruits like rambutan, and longan, litchi, mango, star apple, mangosteen, etc. ... On 28/10/2010, VN dragon fruit officially penetrated in Korea market. The experiences and knowledge learned from the experts and collaborative projects conducted with the U.S. and Japan have been applied so that Vietnam fruits will enter not only three markets of the U.S. and Japan and Korea but also all the demanding markets (or high-priced) such as New Zealand, Australia, Chile, etc ....

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