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The Olympics in 1908 and 1948

Vanessa Yasmine Birgitta Roosmets Viimsi Secondary School 10b. The Olympics in 1908 and 1948 . The Olympics in 1908. Host city – London Opening ceremony – April 27 Closing ceremony – October 31 Officially opened by - King Edward VII Nations participating – 22 Originally scheduled – Rome

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The Olympics in 1908 and 1948

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  1. Vanessa Yasmine Birgitta Roosmets Viimsi Secondary School 10b The Olympics in 1908 and 1948

  2. The Olympics in 1908 • Host city – London • Opening ceremony – April 27 • Closing ceremony – October 31 • Officially opened by - King Edward VII • Nations participating – 22 • Originally scheduled – Rome • Mount Vesuvius eruption - on April 7, 1906 - devastating Naples • Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples • A new venue was required • Candidates – London, Berlin and Milan • Selection – London • Seen as the start of the Fourth Olympiad • The White City Stadium - built in a short time for the games, held 68,000, was considered technological marvel

  3. Controversy • Athletes paraded under their national flags at a ceremony at the start of the Games. • The games were surrounded by controversy. • Finland - part of the Russian Empire, the Finnish team were expected to march under the Russian rather than Finnish flag - many chose to march without a flag at all • The Swedish flag - had not been displayed above the stadium - Swedish team decided not to take part in the ceremony • The United States flag - had also not been displayed above the stadium before the opening, which is possibly the reason why the United States' flag bearer refused to dip the flag to the royal box Finland Russia Sweden U.S.A

  4. The 1908 Olympics also prompted establishment of standard rules for sports, and selection of judges from different countries rather than just the host. One reason was the 400 metre run in which the US winner was accused of interfering (Carpenter, in order to prevent Halswelle from passing him, moved progressively farther towards the outside of the track, forcing Halswelle to within 18 inches of the outside curb) with the British runner. Part of the problem was the different definition of interference under British and US rules. The race was re-run, but the Americans refused to participate. The British runner, Wyndham Halswelle, won by running around the track on his own, because three of the four original runners had been American, the only walkover in Olympic history. The most famous incident of the games came at the end of the marathon. The first to enter the stadium, Dorando Pietri of Italy, collapsed several times and ran the wrong way. Not far from the finish, two officials took him by the arms and brought him to the line. As a consequence, after crossing the line he was disqualified. The medal went to American Johnny Hayes of the Irish American Athletic Club who was second, but the glory went to Pietri. Since he had not been responsible for his disqualification, Queen Alexandra next day awarded him a gilded silver cup. Famous incidents

  5. Participating nations • The 1908 Games featured athletes representing 22 National Olympic Committees. • Finland, Turkey, and New Zealand (as part of the team from Australasia) made their first appearance at the Olympic Games. • The decision to join Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales into one team, that of the United Kingdom, was upsetting to some Irish competitors, who felt that Ireland should compete on its own. • Fearing an Irish boycott, the authorities changed the name of the team to Great Britain/Ireland, and in two sports, field hockey and polo, Ireland participated as a separate country, winning silver medals in both.

  6. The Olympics in 1948 • Host city - London, England • Opening ceremony - July 29 • Closing ceremony - August 14 • Officially opened by - King George VI • Nations participating - 59 • Athlete's Oath - Donald Finlay • Olympic Torch - John Mark • Stadium - Wembley Stadium • After a pause of 12 years caused by World War II, these were the first Summer Olympics since the 1936 Games in Berlin • The 1940 Games had been scheduled for Tokyo, and then Helsinki; the 1944 Games had been provisionally planned for London • London was the first Olympics to have a political defection. Marie Provaznikova won a gold medal with the Czechoslovakian gymnastics team and then refused to return home

  7. Participating nations • A total of 59 nations sent athletes. • Fourteen made their first official appearance: British Guiana (now Guyana), Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Korea (its only time as a united team), Lebanon, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. • Germany and Japan, the aggressors of World War II, were not invited to participate. • Italy, although originally an Axis power, defected to the Allies in 1943 following Benito Mussolini being deposed, and was allowed to send athletes.

  8. Medal count • This is the first 10 of the medal table of the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympics in London. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC • 1908 - There were three nations that participated but received no medals - Argentina, Switzerland and Turkey • 1948 - Britain – 12 rank (3 gold, 14 silver, 6 bronze, 23 total)‏

  9. 1948 Games shown on home television. Starting blocks for Sprint races. Volunteer Programme created to help run the Games. Women's canoeing event had been contested in the Olympics New in 1908 and 1948 1908 • The Olympic Stadium (White City) was built especially for the Olympic Games. • Athletes paraded under their national flags at a ceremony at the start of the Games. • The Marathon was fixed at 42.195km (26.2 miles) – the distance from Windsor Castle to the Royal Box in the Olympic Stadium. This became the official distance from the 1924 Games onwards.

  10. Used material: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics_medal_count • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics_medal_table • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Flame#Lighters • http://history1900s.about.com/od/fadsfashion/a/olympics1948.htm • http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1908/ATH/mens-400-metres.html • http://www.hickoksports.com/history/ol1908.shtml • http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1948 • http://www.london-2012.co.uk/1908-London-Olympic-Games/ • http://www.marketingforaccountants.com/runner%20in%20starting%20blocks.jpg • http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44582000/jpg/_44582158_stadium416.jpg • http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/08/xin_1520805082135796248093.jpg

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