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Zhenwu Zhai Population and Development Studies Center, People ’ s University of China

The Conflict Between the trend of Living in Empty Nests and Changes of Self-Supporting Ability of Chinese Elderly. Zhenwu Zhai Population and Development Studies Center, People ’ s University of China. China Society:Rapid Changing. Economy High Growth rate for more than 20 years

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Zhenwu Zhai Population and Development Studies Center, People ’ s University of China

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  1. The Conflict Between the trend of Living in Empty Nests and Changes of Self-Supporting Ability of Chinese Elderly Zhenwu Zhai Population and Development Studies Center, People’s University of China

  2. China Society:Rapid Changing • Economy • High Growth rate for more than 20 years • GDP per Capita quadrupled • Market economy(reform) • Society • Multi-structure • Gap increasing between rich and poor

  3. China Society:Rapid Changing • Population • Fertility decline • Migration and flowing peasant-workers • High Sex ratio • Aging

  4. Status and Trend of Self-Supporting Ability • Data • The healthy longevity survey in china, 2000( HLS) • The sampling survey of the aged population in china ,2000, (SAP) • Census Data • Survey on supporting system for elderly,1992（SSE）

  5. Self-supporting ability • Status of Medical care security • Daily care and nursing service available • Economic status • Current situation • Compare with 1992 • Depending on Children-support as First Choice • Main income source

  6. Status of Rural Elderly Entitled to Medical Security(SAP)

  7. Rural Elderly in Need of Daily Life by Age Group（%） Data Source: SAP,2000

  8. Community home nursing service available,hire and demand status of rural elderly

  9. Rural Elderly Feeling Their Savings Enough for Self-support by Age(%) Data Source: SAP,2000

  10. Elderly Feeling Their Savings Enough for Self-support by Area(%) Data Source: SAP,2000

  11. Self-rated on economic status of Aged population by Area(1992&2000) Data sourse:(1),SAP, 2000 （2）SCSSE ,1992

  12. Rural Elderly Depending on Children-support as First Choice, by Age(%) Data Source: SAP,2000

  13. Rural Elderly Depending on Children-support as First Choice, by Gender(%) Data Source: SAP,2000

  14. Main Income Sources of Elderly by Age(%) Data Source :The Fifth Census,2000

  15. Income Sources of Elderly by Age(%)

  16. Income Sources of Elderly by Area & Gender(%) Data Source :The Fifth Census,2000

  17. Income Source of Elderly by Area(%),1994 &2000

  18. Self-supporting ability • Very low level of Status of Medical care security • Daily care and nursing service from community NOT available • Economic status: not improved much since 1992 in rural • Heavily Depending on Children-support • Main income source:still from family and own work • Society changes,but nochang of self-supporting ability

  19. What the trend of empty nest?

  20. Empty nest family status(%),2000 2000 census data

  21. Distribution of empty nest （%） 2000 census data

  22. Distribution of Activities of Daily Living of the Elders by Living Arrangement(%) Data source: HLS,2000

  23. Increase of Rural Empty Nest Family

  24. Trend of empty nest family • Nuclear family increase in rural(independent) • Young people flow to urban • 140 million flowing population • Staying at home: ”389961” • Lower fertility, higher probability of empty family due to fewer children • Early age of ending childbearing, early age facing empty nest • percentage of empty nest family will increase rapidly in the future

  25. Conclusion • Conflict between trend of empty nest family and unimproved self supporting ability of elderly • High risk if fully depending on children • Rural also needs community service system • Must establish social security in rural soon • Principle: coverage first, level second • Must take action now, otherwise elderly will not face a better life, but relative worse one in the future, the older, the higher risk of facing empty nest, and the worse.

  26. Thank you

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