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3000-525 BC

3000-525 BC. Agricultural revolution Development of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce Math started with arithmetic (algebra) and measurement (geometry). Chinese and Indians. Difficult to date discoveries Used perishable media like bark and bamboo

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3000-525 BC

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  1. 3000-525 BC • Agricultural revolution • Development of the fundamental math of surveying,engineering and commerce • Math started with arithmetic (algebra) and measurement (geometry)

  2. Chinese and Indians • Difficult to date discoveries • Used perishable media like bark and bamboo • Babylonians used baked clay tablets • Egyptians used stone and papyrus

  3. Babylonians • Tablets were a few square inches to the size of a text • 400 math tablets found • High level of computation • 200 tablets were math tables

  4. Math Tables • Table of reciprocals • Table of squares • Table of cubes • Business transactions • Farm activities • High level of computational ability

  5. Babylonian algebra • Solved quadratic equations • Approximated square root of 2

  6. Babylonian Geometry • Chief feature its algebraic character • Divided circle into 360 equal parts • Related to measurement • Area of a rectangle • Area of a right triangle • Area of an isosceles triangle • Volume of a rectangular solid

  7. Babylonian tablet

  8. Plimpton 322 • #322 in Plimpton collection at Columbia University • Piece broken off • 3 columns of figures • Pythagorean triple • Integral-sided right triangle

  9. Summary Babylonians were table makers, computers of high level,and stronger in Algebra than in Geometry

  10. Egypt

  11. Papyrus

  12. Egypt • Remained secluded and naturally protected from foreign invasion • Math in Egypt never reached the level attained by Babylonians • Nile relatively peaceful • Egypt not on caravan routes • More known due to preservation in tombs

  13. Moscow Papyrus 1850BC

  14. Moscow Papyrus 1850BC • 18 feet long and 3 inches high • Math text containing 25 problems

  15. Rhind papyrus http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/

  16. Rhind papyrus 1650 BC • Math text in the form of a practical handbook • 85 problems • 18 feet long and 13 inches high • Applications of math to practical problems

  17. Egyptian Arithmetic and Algebra • All 110 problems on Moscow and Rhind papyri are numerical • Method of multiplying and dividing • Rule of False position

  18. Egyptian Geometry • 26 problems were geometric • Measurement computing land area and granary volumes • Area of triangles • No evidence that the Egyptians were aware of the Pythagorean Theorem !

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