1 / 51

Southern Company Visit June 11, 2008

Southern Company Visit June 11, 2008. Gretchen Goldman, Siv Balachandran, Laura Parry, Marcus Trail, Jane Li, Jim Mulholland, Mei Zheng and Ted Russell GIT. Agenda. 12:30 Greetings: Introduce Georgia Power Fellows 12:40 Overview of ASACA Russell

nuncio
Télécharger la présentation

Southern Company Visit June 11, 2008

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Southern Company VisitJune 11, 2008 Gretchen Goldman, Siv Balachandran, Laura Parry, Marcus Trail, Jane Li, Jim Mulholland, Mei Zheng and Ted Russell GIT Georgia Institute of Technology

  2. Agenda • 12:30 Greetings: Introduce Georgia Power Fellows • 12:40 Overview of ASACA Russell • 1:00 Fire Station Eight: Overview Russell • 1:15 Fire Station 8: BC-Wind rose analysis Russell/Parry • 1:25 Fire Station 8: Iron analysis Weber • 1:40 Fire Station 8: Discussion All • 1:55 Spatial Analyses Mulholland/Goldman • 2:20 Break • 2:30 PAH Analyses: Mulholland/Li • 2:45Organic Analyses Zheng • 3:30 Discussion Georgia Institute of Technology

  3. Georgia Power Fellows: Air • Used to attract top students to the graduate program • One in air, one not-air • Siv Balachandran (2007) • Won Amina Ghosh Award this year • Ph.D. expected 2011 • Synthesized ASACA Report • Likely working on EPA Source Apportionment-Epidemiologic project • 2008: Laura Parry & Marcus Trail (yes, two) • Both GIT undergrads working on ASACA as seniors, planning on getting their MS (2010) • Continue to work on ASACA, help on EPD CMAQ project Georgia Institute of Technology

  4. ASACA Agenda • ASACA • Overall update • Ted for Siv Balachandran et al. • Fire Station 8 • Ted for Laura Parry & Marcus Trail • Spatial analyses • Gretchen Goldman • PAH analyses • Lane Li • WSOC • Rodney • On-line metals • Rodney • Discussion (throughout) Georgia Institute of Technology

  5. ASACA Overview • Began 1998 (in the field, 1999) • Andre Butler in response to needs identified as part of SOPHIA • Measure particle composition on a daily basis • Metals, ions, EC/OC • Metals abandoned in 2001 as large fraction below detection of ICP-AES • Done via XRF on special needs basis • Three original sites • Ft. Mac (TEOM & PCM), S. Dekalb (PCM), Tucker (TEOM & PCM) • TEOM @ JST • Complement SEARCH • Ft. Yargo added (1 in 3 sampling) • Tucker moved to Fire Station 8 in 2007 Georgia Institute of Technology

  6. ASACA Updates • System still ticking • TEOMs down for maintenance and repair for awhile • Ft. Mac still to be decommissioned • Who knows when • Fire Station 8 • EPD moved from FS 8… moving back to the area. • Current Students • Siv Balachandran (PhD, 2011) • Hyeon-Kook Kim (MS, 2007) (PT, moving to Florida for PhD) • Emily Lantrip (MS, 2009) • Marcus Trail (UG, 2008) (Future GP Fellow) • Laura Parry (UG, 2008) (Future GP Fellow) • Transition: Sangil is on an airplane home Georgia Institute of Technology

  7. Research Projects Using ASACA Data • Prescribed and wildfire impact and composition analyses • Very successful • Source impact at Fire Station 8 • Spatial analyses • PAH trend • Source apportionment • Variety in process • Health association • … • Most also use SEARCH data… thanks! Georgia Institute of Technology

  8. 2007-2008 Student Projects • Siv Balachandran • ASACA Synthesis • MS Project • Hyeong Kook Kim • FS 8 PCA-Wind speed analysis (two months) • Undergrad projects • Marcus Trail • Data quality analysis and representation • Laura Parry • FS 8 BC-wind speed analysis Georgia Institute of Technology

  9. Observed PM Concentrations Simulated PM plume Capturing a Forest Fire • February 28th, 2007 • 3000 acre planned burned 70 km SE of Atlanta • Winds shift • PM levels climb from <10mg m-3 to over 150 in two hours • Ozone jumps 20 ppb • Bad for health, but • Great opportunity to diagnose forest fire impacts • ASACA composition data • Fires appear to have greater impact than emissions inventories suggest • Rich in OC, not EC • Aging increases water solubility Georgia Institute of Technology

  10. Understanding Fire Impacts • As sulfate, nitrate and mobile source OC/EC come down, fire-derived carbon will become a more dominant PM component • Increased prescribed burning (and possibly wildfires) • Objective • Extend fire emissions studies to measuring plume composition • Originally thought about going to prescribed burn sites, but luckily, the plume came to us • Fire Studies • Measurements • Prescribed fire, February 28 • PM2.5 increase over 100 ug m-3 • Wildfire impacts: May and June • Modeling • Identification of issues Georgia Institute of Technology

  11. Hourly PM • PM began to increase dramatically at about 4:00 pm • From about 10 to over 150 ug m-3 • Ozone also increased by 30 ppb • Late afternoon in February Georgia Institute of Technology

  12. Aethalometer Georgia Institute of Technology

  13. Chemical Composition Georgia Institute of Technology

  14. GC/MS Analysis Sonication Evaporation QZ Filter Organic Solvent Extract Condensate Extract Filtration Blow-down Alkanes Hopanes and Steranes PAHs Resin Acids Fatty Acids Others Methylation One Half Extract GC/MS Analysis Silylation GC/MS Analysis One Half Extract Levoglucosan Cholesterol Methyltetrols Dizomethane (Methylation) R-COOH + CH2N2 R-COO-CH3 (M+15) BSTFA (Silylation) R-OH R-O-Si(CH3)3 (M+73) R-COOH R-COO-Si(CH3)3 (M+73)

  15. Georgia Institute of Technology

  16. Georgia Institute of Technology

  17. Source Apportionment (CMB-Regular*) • Extra “undetermined” on smoke day suggestive it is from fire, but not captured by traditional CMB modeling • Profile(s) in error • Secondary formation *CMB-MM underway

  18. (a) (b) CMAQ Results Predicted with added organic & improved timing Predicted w/o added organic Observed (c) (d) Contribution from fire Ozone PM2.5 Too little OC and ozone rise without additional biogenic VOC emissions -- Timing is still a bit off. Georgia Institute of Technology Shown are peak levels at any monitor in the Atlanta area.

  19. OC-Potassium Relationship Georgia Institute of Technology

  20. “Forecast”, “Hindcast” and Observed Plumes Georgia Institute of Technology

  21. Simulated PM2.5 Impact of the Oconee NF and Piedmont NWR Fires Georgia Institute of Technology

  22. Fire Summary • ASACA and SEARCH networks captured fire events • Prescribed (mainly pine forest) • Suggests need for increased terpenoid emissions in inventory • Able to forecast impacts with accuracy • Developed source profile of aged emissions • Wild (mixed forest, scrub) • Still analyzing Georgia Institute of Technology

  23. Fire Station 8 • FS 8 consistently had highest PM2.5 in Atlanta region at EPD sites • Various hypotheses as to why: • Direct exhaust from fire truck idling, busy road & streetlight with trucks, rail yard • Only mass sampler, so difficult to assess why • EPD got permission to move sampler* • Moved in mid 2007 • Moved Tucker samplers (PCM, TEOM) to FS 8 in January of 2007 • Added aethalometer and wind station (thanks) Georgia Institute of Technology *but…

  24. Site Location • 1721 Marietta Blvd. Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology

  25. FS8 Monitoring Site EPD Looking to move back Georgia Institute of Technology Quarry

  26. ASACA Fire Station 8 Sampler Georgia Institute of Technology

  27. Georgia Institute of Technology

  28. ASACA Sampler • Quartz: EC/OC • Nylon: Ions • Teflon: Metals (archived) Georgia Institute of Technology

  29. Comparison to EPD Sampler* *Before EPD sampler moved Georgia Institute of Technology

  30. Fire Station 8: PM2.5 Mass Reconstructed (without metals, OC ratio =1.4) vs. TEOM Georgia Institute of Technology

  31. Fire Station 8 PM2.5 Mass:Composite vs. TEOM

  32. Cation-Anion Balance Georgia Institute of Technology

  33. Fire Station 8 PM and BC Georgia Institute of Technology

  34. ASACA PM2.5 Mass Georgia Institute of Technology

  35. Source Impact Assessment • Data collection • BC – aethalometer: 5 minute readings • Hourly averages - Igor • Wind speed, direction - sonic anemometer: 10 sec. • Hourly average direction – Igor • Data Representation • OC:EC Ratio • Wind rose plots • Annual average BC by wind rose • BC*WS plots • Temporally-divided plots Georgia Institute of Technology

  36. OC:EC averages: FS 8: 4.7 SDK: 5.3 Ft. Mac: 6.8 Yargo: 9.7 ASACA EC:OC Georgia Institute of Technology

  37. Wind Rose Analysis • Construct circular plot of average BC concentrations associated with each wind direction to identify if high concentrations are associated with specific directions. • Use hourly averaged aethalometer and wind velocity data Georgia Institute of Technology

  38. BC Wind Rose Plot • High BC levels from the ESE and North • North: Low wind speeds • ESE: Rail yard or road. March ’07 – Feb ’08 FS8 BC Concentration Georgia Institute of Technology

  39. FS8 PM2.5 • Less directional than BC • Still peak from north PM2.5 FS8 2007* *limited data (3/1-5/31) Georgia Institute of Technology

  40. FS8 Monitoring Site Georgia Institute of Technology

  41. Concerns • Are the wind measurements reasonable • Is the wind really that light from the north • Compared wind roses at other locations • Are the high levels from the north due to lower winds • Plotted BC * WS • This assumes an inverse relationship for mass conservation, however there are correlations between wind speed and convection • Can one distinguish rail yard impacts from Marietta Blvd (they are both to the west)? • Compared night vs. day wind roses • Rail yard expected to run more continuously • Compared Sunday vs. weekday roses Georgia Institute of Technology

  42. Other Station Wind Rose Results FS 8 S. Dekalb JST (daily) JST has more uniform results • Consistent results • Low winds from north • Higher • concentrations from north

  43. FS8 BC*wind speed • Accounts for dilution Georgia Institute of Technology

  44. JST wsp*BC • Suggests lack of local source Jefferson St. BC*wsp 3/27-2/08* *daily data Georgia Institute of Technology

  45. FS8 BC: Daytime vs. Nighttime 6 PM – 6 AM 6 AM – 6 PM Georgia Institute of Technology

  46. FS8 BC: Weekday vs. Sunday Sundays Only Weekdays Georgia Institute of Technology

  47. Fire Station 8 Summary • Site does not appear to have significant artifacts from nearby trees • Continue to find elevated PM2.5 • EC high • Wind rose analysis suggests rail yard is a major source • Low OC:EC ratio • Major impacts from W to SW • Normalized for winds • High levels at night and on Sunday indicating more continuous activity • Still some ambiguity as to whether Marietta Blvd. plays major role. • EPD study (with M. Bergin) funded by CMAQ money to buy new GenSets to conduct additional analyses • Add monitors around rail yard • Aethalometers at 2 additional sites • Metals analyses Georgia Institute of Technology

  48. Site Location x x EPD Georgia Institute of Technology

  49. ASACA: Plans • Use FS 8 in tandem with EPD study • Thanks for the foresight • How does ASACA fit in to Southern Company plans? • Lots of data • Good group of students • How does it fit in to GIT plans • Undergrad and Grad student training • Major educational mission • Keep lab skills/capabilities tuned • Data for air quality modeling, Emory studies and targets of opportunity • Fires, PAHs, etc. • Ability to assess what other data might mean • Highway/rooftop/Yorkville study Georgia Institute of Technology

  50. What else is up? • EPD Study of PM Before/After new GenSets in Switchyard • Use FS8 data • Source apportionment for EPA (Jaemeen Baek, Yongtao Hu, Bo Yan…) • Satellite study using CMAQ & ICARTT (Burcak Kaynak) • Mostly done • Climate study for EPA [KJ Liao (off to DoE) and T. Tagaris] • Almost all done • Mexicali –Imperial Valley Air Quality (Santosh Chandru: off to Trinity) • Done • EPA Indicator study • Using ASACA, JST and STN data to develop and assess indicators of automobile air quality and health impact (with Emory: J. Pachon grad student) • EPA Source-Apportionment linked to Epi • Announced… would start after Oct. 1. • Higher order aerosol sensitivity analysis (C. Baroncella) • ACC Reactivity Assessment (S. Capps) • EPD Prescribed fire composition (T. Tagaris, S. Lee, et al.) Georgia Institute of Technology

More Related