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CSC 4510 – Machine Learning

CSC 4510 – Machine Learning. Introduction. Dr. Mary-Angela Papalaskari Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University Course website: www.csc.villanova.edu/~map/4510/. Machine Learning. What is Learning?.

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CSC 4510 – Machine Learning

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  1. CSC 4510 – Machine Learning Introduction Dr. Mary-Angela Papalaskari Department of Computing Sciences Villanova University Course website: www.csc.villanova.edu/~map/4510/ CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  2. Machine Learning CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  3. What is Learning? • Herbert Simon (1970): “Learning is any process by which a system improves performance from experience.”

  4. What is Machine Learning? • Arthur Samuel (1959): Machine Learning: Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

  5. Why Study Machine Learning?Engineering Better Computing Systems • Develop systems that are too difficult/expensive to program explicitly because they require specific detailed skills or knowledge tuned to a specific task • Personalized news or mail filter • Personalized tutoring SPAM CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  6. Why Study Machine Learning?Cognitive Science • Computational studies of learning may help us understand learning in humans and other biological organisms. • Hebbian neural learning • “Neurons that fire together, wire together.” • Human’s relative difficulty of learning disjunctive concepts vs. conjunctive ones. • Power law of practice log(perf. time) log(# training trials) CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  7. Why Study Machine Learning?The time is ripe • Large amounts of computational resources available. • Many basic effective and efficient algorithms available. • The world is driven by data (data mining). • Market basket analysis (e.g. diapers and dvds) • News aggregation • Over 50m credit card transactions a day in the US alone. • The Large Hadron Collider produces 60 gigabytes per minute • Climate research centres generate 1-20 petabytes per year • Google processes 24 petabytes per day CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  8. So, um, what’s a petabyte again? CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  9. Humans can: - think, learn, see, understand language, reason, etc. Artificial Intelligence aims to reproduce these capabilities. Machine Learning is one part of Artificial Intelligence. Statistics / Mathematics Artificial Intelligence Data Mining Machine Learning Computer Vision Robotics CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  10. Let’s try something • You will be given instructions in class to collect data about your classmates • Enter these data in the document provided • We will use the decision tree algorithm from aispace.org/ to “learn” something about your sample CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

  11. Next time • Some historical background on AI and a more careful definition of machine learning • Discussion of Alan Turing article: “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”http://loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html • See also: • Alan Turing website maintained by Andrew Hodges:http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/ • Philosophical objections to Turing Testhttp://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/ Some of the slides in this presentation are adapted from: • Prof. Frank Klassner’s ML class at Villanova • the University of Manchester ML course http://www.cs.manchester.ac.uk/ugt/COMP24111/ • The Stanford online ML course http://www.ml-class.org/ • Playing Turing’s imitation game Read this CSC 4510 - M.A. Papalaskari - Villanova University

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