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AIM: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China? 221-207 BCE

AIM: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China? 221-207 BCE. DO NOW: Describe the dynastic cycle in your own words. 1. Review. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven Confucianism Daoism Legalism. 2. Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Took the throne at the age of 13

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AIM: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China? 221-207 BCE

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  1. AIM: How did the Qin Dynasty unify China?221-207 BCE • DO NOW: Describe the dynastic cycle in your own words 1

  2. Review • Dynastic Cycle • Mandate of Heaven • Confucianism • Daoism • Legalism 2

  3. Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi • Took the throne at the age of 13 • Conquered 6 rival warring states to unify China in 221 B.C.E. • Formed a centralized government • Network of roads and canals, • Standardized weights, measures and currency • Formalized the written language. 3

  4. Qin • Tyrant • 1000’s died completing the Great Wall and his tomb • His name evolved into the • Western word for China. 4

  5. Standardization • Prior to Qin, each kingdom minted its own currency (money) in various shapes, sizes and weights. • Each kingdom also had its own system of weights and measurements • Qin standardized currency • Standardization: All kingdoms use the same money and system of weights and measurements 5

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  7. Learning Check • What do you think Qin’s greatest accomplishment was? Explain why. 7

  8. The Great Wall of China • The Great Wall of China was originally a project of the Qin dynasty designed to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north. 8

  9. The Great Wall • Was mainly built from earth, stones and wood • The wall had defensive fighting stations • More than 10,000 watch towers (which were used to store weapons, house troops, and send smoke signals), each tower had unique and restricted stairways and entries to confuse attackers. 9

  10. The Great Wall • Is the world's largest man-made structure, stretching over 3,948 miles 10

  11. TheGreatWall • Communication between the army units along the length of the Great Wall, including the ability to call reinforcements and warn garrisons of enemy movements, was of high importance. Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility. 11

  12. Great Wall • The emperor • thought the wall • would bring peace • to the nation but • the nation was • weakened by the heavy cost of the construction • Ditches along the wall were filled with corpses of men who died building the wall • Deaths of wall workers are estimated to exceed one million 12

  13. The Great Wall’s Great Cost • Taxation became heavier and heavier. • Some 3,500,000 people were involved in the building of the Great Wall. That was 70% of the total population of China at that time. • For each worker working on the wall, six were required to feed and support them. • Construction of the Qin wall became the most hated imperial project in Chinese history. 13

  14. Learning Check • Do you think the Great Wall of China was positive or negative for China? • Explain your response 14

  15. Fall of Qin • In 209 BCE, 1 year after Qin’s death, the peasant revolted against building the wall • The Mandate of Heaven for the Qin Dynasty had ended • Within 10 years much of the wall was a neglected ruin. • The northern border of China was now open to invaders again. 15

  16. Learning Check • Why did the Qin dynasty eventually fail? 16

  17. Terra Cotta SoldiersQin had his tomb designed with 1000’s of clay soldiers to guard his final resting place 17

  18. Terra Cotta Soldiers • Those who knew the tomb's secrets were buried alive with their Emperor. • Qin's dynasty was overthrown, however, just a few years after his death. • * DO NOT COPY • The site of the pottery army was burned and lost to history for more than 2,000 years. 18

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  20. Activity • Read and Annotate Article on the Great Wall of China • http://www.history.com/topics/great-wall-of-china • Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the Great Wall of China actually consists of numerous walls and fortifications, many running parallel to each other. Originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (c. 259-210 B.C.) in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads into the Chinese Empire, the wall is one of the most extensive construction projects ever completed. The best-known and best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built in the 14th through 17th centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Though the Great Wall never effectively prevented invaders from entering China, it came to function more as a psychological barrier between Chinese civilization and the world, and remains a powerful symbol of the country's enduring strength. 20

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