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World War I and Its Aftermath

Explore the causes of World War I, the impact of the war on various countries, the Treaty of Versailles, and the rise of dictatorships in the aftermath. Learn about the rise of independent movements and the failure of the League of Nations.

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World War I and Its Aftermath

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  1. 1914-Present Questions from Jan 2010 to 2014

  2. WW1 • Causes - militarism (competition btw Germany & England) - Pan-Slavism (Balkan Powder-Keg and ethnic tensions)nationalism - imperial rivalry - entangling alliances (Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance) - Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

  3. The Sides: Allied Powers (France, England, Russia – eventually US) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria, and Ottomans) Trench Warfare – war of attrition (Verdun) German u-boat sink Lusitania – America enters 1917 – Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to get out of war Technology - U-boats, tanks, poison gas Colonies (like India) help out Total War – bonds, rationing, women on homefront, propaganda (sales pitch for the concept of war) WWI

  4. Treaty of Versailles - June 28, 1919 • Allies win • Germany loses - forced to give up Alsace-Lorraine, pay reparations. Sign War Guilt Clause. “We shall squeeze the orange until the pips squeak.” Germany becomes “Weimer Republic” – politically unstable and economically broke. • New Countries of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia formed (Pan-Slavism) • Ottomans lost everything except Turkey. • League of Nations formed to keep peace - The United States doesn’t join and no military force to back it up – thus weak, only can use economic sanctions (boycotts – refusal to buy goods from belligerent/warlike powers)

  5. Rise of Independent Movements • Since colonials died fighting for European powers – hoped to gain political rights, they did not get them • Will lead to new nationalist movements in places like India (Gandhi) • Desire for self-determination (self – rule)

  6. June 2011 2. Which event is considered the immediate cause of World War I? (1) signing of the Treaty of Versailles (2) invasion of Poland by Germany (3) assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (4) use of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany

  7. January 2013 4. Which statement regarding World War I is an opinion rather than a fact? (1) European countries increased the production of weapons during the war. (2) The governments of most countries stated that the period of conflict would be short. (3) Propaganda posters were used to gain support for the war. (4) Citizens of the Allied nations showed more patriotism than those of the Central Powers.

  8. January 2013 5. Before 1914, nationalism in the Balkan Peninsula contributed to (1) resistance by ethnic groups to Austrian rule (2) campaigns by foreign diplomats against the use of trench warfare (3) the inability of countries to make reparation payments (4) the rejection of the Versailles Treaty by combatants

  9. January 2014 8. This World War I poster is an example of • (1) diversity • (2) dissent • (3) toleration • (4) propaganda

  10. June 2010 10. One reason the League of Nations failed as a world organization was that it (1) supported the rise of fascist states (2) lacked a military force to settle conflicts (3) dealt with conflict by establishing naval blockades (4) encouraged the annexation of territory by force

  11. August 2011 11. Which concept is represented in these World War I recruiting posters? (1) justice (3) nationalism (2) diversity (4) humanism

  12. January 2014 13. Which development occurred in Germany as a result of the terms imposed by the Treaty of Versailles? (1) Soviet occupation (2) political instability (3) overseas expansion (4) economic prosperity

  13. August 2013 14. Which term is defined as payment for war damages? • (1) mandate (3) reparation • (2) armistice (4) militarism

  14. Cost of WW1 Germany forced to pay reparations but no money to do so overdependence on American loans and buying Increase in tariffs (taxes on imports) and protectionism Great Depression – 1930sCauses

  15. Great Depression – Impact / Reaction • Political extremism - totalitarianism 1. Communist say capitalism is a mess 2. Fascists (Mussolini and Hitler) want to protect enterprise and promote their nation

  16. Rise of Dictators between WW1-2 • Hitler – Germany • Mussolini – Italy • Stalin – USSR (Soviet Union/Russia) Totalitarian dictators will control media, education, what the masses know - censorship. They Will have public work programs and use Terror as a means to control people. No civil liberties (rights)

  17. August 2013 16. Which heading best completes this graphic organizer? (1) Socialism (3) Fascism (2) Liberalism (4) Ethnocentrism

  18. August 2012 17. One similarity in the actions of Benito Mussolini and Saddam Hussein is that both (1) established a democratic form of government (2) denied individual rights (3) expanded the power of labor unions (4) sought a classless society

  19. June 2013 18. In Europe during the 1930s, economic instability led to the (1) rise of fascist dictatorships (2) development of nuclear arms (3) abandonment of colonial territories (4) establishment of the League of Nations

  20. Czar Nicholas II autocratic 1905 – Bloody Sunday – peasants protesting lack of food and loss in Crimean and Russo-Japanese Wars Losses in WW1, Lenin promises “Peace Land and Bread” “Bolsheviks” (wanted dictatorship w/no parties except socialism) – supported by Lenin and Trotsky (Red Army) War Communism – peasants hoard food, cheka investigate and put people in gulacs; red terror (purging of intellectuals) Czar is assassinated with family Russian/Bolshevik Revolution - 1917

  21. Stalin’s 5 Year Plan • Heavy Industry – build up the technology and infrastructure of Soviet Union (bridges, oil refineries, steel manufacturing) – not consumer goods (purses, shoes, etc) • Huge quotas (requirements) for factories with heavy punishments for those who could not meet • Collective Farms – factory like farms where most food goes to govt and soldiers. Caused massive famines (Ukraine) • Stalin’s Purge of Enemies- killed millions

  22. January 2012 19. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused in part by (1) a forced famine in Ukraine (2) the failure of Czar Nicholas II to come to Serbia’s aid (3) a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I (4) the establishment of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)

  23. August 2011 20. Which action is associated with Joseph Stalin? (1) expanding privatization (2) establishing five-year plans (3) encouraging glasnost (4) promoting détente

  24. January 2010 21. One reason the Bolsheviks gained peasant support during the Russian Revolution was because the Bolsheviks promised to (1) redistribute land (2) abolish communes (3) bring modern technology to Russian farms (4) maintain an agricultural price-support program

  25. August 2012 24. Which action contributed to the success of Lenin’s communist revolution in Russia? (1) Peasants were promised land reform. (2) Businessmen were encouraged to form monopolies. (3) Landowners were offered tax relief. (4) Factory workers were required to start small businesses.

  26. June 2012 25. An incompetent government, massacres on Bloody Sunday, and the high costs of World War I were causes of the (1) Mexican Revolution (2) Boxer Rebellion (3) Sepoy Mutiny (4) Russian Revolution

  27. June 2010 26. Which of these groups were the major supporters of 20th-century communist revolutions? (1) priests and artisans (2) bourgeoisie and nobility (3) entrepreneurs and capitalists (4) workers and peasants

  28. June 2012 28. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died as a result of (1) the intifada (3) a forced famine (2) glasnost (4) trench warfare

  29. Chinese Communist Revolution • Civil War – Nationalist Chiang Kai Shek vs. Communist Mao • Mao’s - forced on Long March (1934) – even though lost lots of men – became rally cry for communist. Made People’s Republic of China – 1949 (support of peasants and women – gave women equality) • Great Leap Forward (created communes - farms) • Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution (Little Red Book) – got rid of old cultural values and forced everyone to be communist – no religion/no Confucianism • Chiang flees to Taiwan

  30. August 2013 31. The Long March is significant in Chinese history because it (1) ended Japanese occupation of China (2) reinforced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven (3) caused the Boxer Rebellion (4) established Mao Zedong as a revolutionary leader

  31. June 2010 32. What was one social change Mao Zedong instituted in China after 1949? (1) granting legal equality for men and women (2) requiring arranged marriages (3) adopting the practice of foot binding (4) mandating Confucianism as the state philosophy

  32. January 2013 35. Which Chinese leader is most closely associated with leading the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution? • (1) Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) • (2) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) • (3) Mao Zedong • (4) Deng Xiaoping

  33. August 2013 36. During the Great Leap Forward, Chinese peasants were forced to (1) join communes (2) move to the cities (3) convert to Christianity (4) attack the Red Guards

  34. Rise of WW2 • Hitler – uses Enabling Act to take over Weimer Republic • Rise of German nationalism – anti-Semitism (Jews) Aryanism (Mein Kampf); Nuremberg Laws (Kristallnacht) • Appeasement of England and France when Hitler took over Czechoslovakia and Austria – gave in to his aggression to keep peace. (Munich Pact) • Alliances – Allies (France, England, US) and Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) - Non-Aggression Pact (Germany and USSR) • Japan’s attack on Manchuria; Rape of Nanjing • Italy’s attack on Ethiopia with poison gas

  35. Events of WW2 • Blitzkrieg against Poland (last straw – England declares war) • Hitler defeats Belgium and France • Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – US joins war • Japan makes Asia in to colonies - Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (“Asia for Asiatics”) • Battle of Stalingrad (turning pt – Russia held off Germany because Russia too cold and big) • D-Day/Normandy – US & England free France from Germany – now Germany has 2 front war • Hitler commits suicide • US attacks Japan at Iwo Jima (amphibious) • Hiroshima (atomic weapons dropped on Japan)

  36. Conference at Yalta, February 1945 Soviet military assistance for the war against Japan Creation of a United Nations Require German unconditional surrender Free elections in Eastern Europe Conference at Potsdam, July 1945 Truman replaces Roosevelt Stalin refuses to allow free elections in Eastern Europe Truman hears of new atomic weapon “Big Three” Decide Fate of Europe Churchill, FDR, Stalin

  37. June 2011 37. Based on the information provided by this map, how did adopting the policy of appeasement at the Munich Conference in September 1938 change Europe? (1) The Rhineland was occupied by France. (2) The Sudetenland was given to Germany. (3) Germany transferred control of Memel to Lithuania. (4) Austria became an independent state.

  38. August 2012 38. The leaders in this 1936 cartoon are depicted as “spineless” because they (1) signed the Treaty of Versailles (2) wanted to avoid global conflict at any cost (3) depended on economic measures to stop aggression (4) recognized the communist government in the Soviet Union

  39. Aug 2010 39. The invasions of Russia by France in 1812 and by Germany in World War II were unsuccessful in part because of the (1) Russian alliances with China (2) harsh climatic conditions in Russia (3) inexperience of French and German military leaders (4) failure of France and Germany to develop modern weapons

  40. January 2014 43. Which geographic factor was most significant in helping the Soviet Union withstand German attacks in World War II? (1) The Ural Mountains served as a barrier to advancing German armies. (2) Distance and harsh winters disrupted German supply lines. (3) Extensive food-producing areas kept the Soviet armies well fed. (4) Numerous ports along the Arctic Sea allowed for the refueling of Soviet transport ships.

  41. June 2010 44. Japan’s invasion of China in 1937 and Germany’s attack on Poland in 1939 led directly to (1) the beginning of World War II in Asia and Europe (2) a meeting at Yalta between the United States and the Soviet Union (3) a conference at Munich for European leaders (4) the withdrawal of Britain and France from European affairs

  42. June 2012 45. Which political leader gained power as a result of the failing economy of the Weimar Republic? • (1) Adolf Hitler • (2) Francisco Franco • (3) Benito Mussolini • (4) Charles de Gaulle

  43. 47. Which of these World War II events happened first? • (1) Battle of Britain • (2) D-Day invasion • (3) invasion of Poland • (4) dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima

  44. January 2012 48. What was one geographic characteristic of Germany that influenced the outcomes of both World War I and World War II? (1) Mountainous topography protected Germany from the opposing side. (2) A lack of navigable rivers in Germany slowed transportation. (3) Excellent harbors allowed Germany to defeat Great Britain’s naval forces. (4) Its central location in Europe resulted in Germany having to fight on two fronts.

  45. June 2012 49. Which sequence of events is in the correct chronological order? (1) rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles → German invasion of the Soviet Union (2) Treaty of Versailles → rise of Nazism → German invasion of the Soviet Union (3) German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism → Treaty of Versailles (4) Treaty of Versailles →German invasion of the Soviet Union → rise of Nazism

  46. June 2011 50. Which conflict is most closely associated with events in Nanjing, Dunkirk, and Hiroshima? (1) Russian Revolution (3) World War II (2) Cultural Revolution (4) Korean War

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