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Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction. Function. Why do we need to know about animal reproduction?. Conditions for Fertilization. 1-Anatomy of Male & Female must be compatible 2-Female must be in Heat 3-Egg must be mature. Male. Function and Parts of the male. Function of the Male.

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Animal Reproduction

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  1. Animal Reproduction

  2. Function • Why do we need to know about animal reproduction?

  3. Conditions for Fertilization 1-Anatomy of Male & Female must be compatible 2-Female must be in Heat 3-Egg must be mature

  4. Male Function and Parts of the male

  5. Function of the Male. • produce large numbers of live sex cells (sperm) • contributes 1/2 of the chromosomes needed to create an embryo

  6. Parts of the Male Scrotum - sack which carries testicles and epididymis • Functions as a heat regulator Testicles - produce sperm & the male hormone testosterone • Testosterone maintains the masculine appearance of male animals

  7. Epididymis- long coiled tube that is connected to the testes; stores mature sperm cells * The Epididymis can store up to 200 billion sperm cells at one time!!! Vas Deferens - tube that connects epididymis to the urethra • if removed= then can't reproduce (vasectomy)

  8. 5- Urethra – tube that begins at bladder and carries urine out of the body 6- Penis- deposits the semen into the female reproductive system 7-Sigmoid Flexure - "S" shape in urethra allows for extension of penis from the sheath, outside of body for reproduction .

  9. 8- Sheath- tubular fold of skin that protects the penis from the environment 9- Retractor Muscle- draws the penis back into the sheath after copulation (reproduction)

  10. AccessorySex Glands 1- Cowpers glands- fluid that moves ahead of the seminal fluid. * cleans and neutralizes the urethra 2- Prostate- produces fluid that is mixed with the seminal fluid 3- SeminalVesicles-opens into the urethra. Produce a fluid that protects & transports the sperm

  11. What are the purposes of the accessory glands? 1-provide medium for transporting sperm 2-adds volume 3-provides nutrients 4-cleans & flushes urinary tract

  12. Issues with Male Reproduction • Monorchid - one fertile testicle • Cryptorchid - both testes remain in body cavity (sterile) • Castration - removal of testicles • lack sex drive • gain weight quicker

  13. Obj. A: Describe the parts of the Male. Parts of the Sperm

  14. Obj. A: Describe the parts of the Male. Sperm Shapes Rooster

  15. Obj. A: Describe the parts of the Male. Live Sperm

  16. What kind of impact does sperm form/ shape have on the reproductive process?

  17. Obj. A: Describe the parts of the Male. Sperm Morphology Double headed sperm Elongaged head Coiled Tail Detached head Pyriform (pear-shaped) head and bent, abnormal midpiece Misshapen head and proximal droplet

  18. Penis Shapes Bull Boar Ram Stallion

  19. Why does a pig have a corkscrew penis? • Can take up to 30 minutes for ejaculation • Boar screws his penis into the females cervix to help him keep mounted • Sow/ gilt “stands”

  20. Male Mating Rituals….weird • The male porcupine showers the female with a long stream of urine before mating. • The male anglerfish latches onto the female like a parasite, living off her food and fertilizing her when she's ready to lay eggs. • The male hippo attracts a female by using his tail to spray her with his feces.

  21. Camel Video…1:13 • Male camels attract females through excessive salivation, covering their mouths in a drooling white froth. But that's not all: they also expel a pink sack from the roof of their mouths called the doula, which hangs out from the side of their mouths to attract females.

  22. Honey Bees: After ejaculation, the male honey bee's genitals break away from the body and lodge themselves inside the queen bee's reproductive tract. This acts as a plug that blocks any other drone bees from mating with the queen. This insurance, however, comes at a cost, as the male honey bee dies soon after. Argonaut octopus:  the male is able to detach an arm full of sperm and let it swim over to the female to fertilize her.

  23. Giraffe Video • To check if a female giraffe is ready to mate, the male will nudge her behind with his head to induce urination. He will then taste the urine to see if she is in heat. If so, he will follow her around until she allows him to mount. Interestingly, females that find a male to be particularly attractive have been observed to urinate more.

  24. Sage Grouse • The sage grouse has a very distinct mating ritual—the males gather in groups called “leks” and put on a display for their female audience that includes strutting around while spreading their tail and wing feathers and inflating the air sacs on their chests to let off a loud popping noise. 

  25. Trich Testing and Semen Testing

  26. Electrojac Equipment

  27. Repro Quiz #1: Intro / Male 1. List 2 out of the 3 things that must happen in order for reproduction to occur. 2. What is the males job in reproduction? 3. What is the function of the scrotum, Vas Deferens, and sheath?

  28. 4. What is responsible for delivering sperm to vagina/ cervix? 5. Draw a sperm and label all 3 parts. Where is the Genetic material found? 6. What is the difference between a monorchid and a cryptorchid. Extra Credit: List one male mating ritual

  29. Trick Testing • Elephant Video

  30. Female Function and Parts of the female

  31. Purpose of Female • Contributes the remaining ½ of the needed chromosomes to produce an embryo • care for young in uterus before birth (gestation) and after birth (parturition) until weaning.

  32. Describe the parts of the female 1-Vulva - exterior portion of reproductive tract • provides visual signs of heat 2-Vagina - between vulva & cervix • Cows & Ewes: semen is deposited here • Mares & Sows: semen is deposited in the cervix

  33. 3- Cervix - "Mouth of the womb" • opening into uterus • at birth cervix stretches to allow baby to pass • during pregnancy cervix becomes blocked with a mucous plug to prevent infection

  34. 4- Uterus- y-shaped, includes uterine body, 2 uterine horns, and the cervix. Place of attachement and fetus development 5-Fallopian Tube - uterine horn becomes a small tube • lined with cilia which aid in egg migration 6- Infundibulum- funnel shaped end of the oviducts, catches the egg as they are released from the ovary. FERTILIZATION OCCURS HERE

  35. 7- Ovaries • located at end of fallopian tubes • possesses large number of eggs in all stages of development • Includes all the eggs the female will ever have • Very few eggs reach maturity • If not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed by the body

  36. Problems with Female Repro… • Free Martin • Boy and Girl Twins • Female is Sterile

  37. Repro Quiz #2: Female 1. What is the purpose of the female in reproduction? 2. Does a female constantly produce eggs? Explain your answer. 3. What is the function of the infundibulum, vagina, and fallopian tube?

  38. 4. How can the vulva give off signs of heat and parturition? 5. Where does the fetus attach while inside the womb? 6. This is the place where boars/stallions ejaculate their semen inside the female. Extra Credit: If a cow is pregnant with one boy and one girl (twins), which is sterile?

  39. Estrus vs. Estrous • Estrus (heat) - • Period of time female is receptive • Estrous • Period from last estrus to the next estrus

  40. What does "in heat" mean? • Heat is the time when a female is receptive to the male and will allow breeding to take place

  41. Females also show external signs of "Heat" • aggressive behavior • swelling and/or color change of vulva • Allows other animals to mount • Pacing • Higher activity levels

  42. Reproduction in Females • Farm animals reach sexual maturity at 4 months (sow) to 24 months (mare) • Female comes into estrus • Egg released by ovary • Egg travels down tube until fertilized by sperm • Estrogen - female hormone which regulates estrus

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