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Chapter 37

Chapter 37. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems. Chapter 37-1. The Circulatory System. Video Clip IQ Questions http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.circulator/. What is the job of the circulatory system? What does blood circulate that the body needs?

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Chapter 37

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  1. Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

  2. Chapter 37-1 The Circulatory System

  3. Video Clip IQ Questionshttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.circulator/ • What is the job of the circulatory system? • What does blood circulate that the body needs? • How does the circulatory system keep each cell in an organism alive and healthy?

  4. Transportation closed • Functions of the Circulatory System Circulatory System: _______________ system ofa living organism. A. Larger organisms need a ____________ ___________, because most of their cells are not in __________________ with the _______________. B. __________ organisms can avoid this, because they rely on diffusion across the cell membrane to get nutrients,____________, and get rid of ____________. system contact environment Smaller oxygen waste products

  5. organisms closed Blood vessels C. Humans and other _____________ have __________ circulatory systems. 1. _________ is contained in ________. 2. The part of the circulatory system are: a. __________________ b. __________________ c. __________________ heart vessels blood

  6. muscle pericardium II. The Heart A. The heart is made up of ______________. 1. It is enclosed by the _____________ which protects it. 2. The walls of the heart are made of a thick layer muscle called the ____________, which is surrounded by layers of epithelial and ____________ tissue. myocardium connective

  7. 72 70 mL septum left right B. The heart contracts about ____ times per minute. 1. Each contractions pumps _______ of blood. C. The _______ divides the _______ and _______ sides of the ________. 1. This prevents the mixing of the side that carries blood with ________ and the side without. heart oxygen

  8. atrium receive blood D. Chambers of the Heart 1. The Upper Chamber is the __________. a. Atria ________ the _________. 2. The Lower Chamber is called the ___________. a. __________ pump blood ______. 3. The human heart has ___ atria and ___ ventricles. ventricle Ventricles out 2 2

  9. Chambers of the heart

  10. Front or Back of the Heart? Front Back

  11. IQ #3 Pulmonaryartery 14. vessel Aorta 13. Vessels Pulmonaryartery 1. vessel Superiorvena cava LEFTATRIUM 12. chamber 2. chamber RIGHTATRIUM Pulmonaryveins Pulmonaryveins 11. vessels 3. valve Semilunarvalve 10. valve Semilunarvalve 4. valve Atrioventricularvalve 9. valve Atrioventricularvalve 5. vessel Inferiorvena cava 8. chamber 7. tissue 6. chamber RIGHTVENTRICLE Figure 23.4A

  12. RBC Pathway through the Circulatory System Blood from Systemic Circuit (body capillaries, veins)  Vena cava (inferior & superior)  Right atrium  (Tricuspid valve-AV valve) Right ventricle  (Pulmonary semilunar valve) Pulmonary circuit –Lungs (P. arteries Lung capillariesP. veins)  Left atrium  (Bicuspid “Mitral” valve) Left Ventricle  (Aortic semilunar valve) Aorta (arch, coronary, carotid, & abdominal, renal, mesenteric, iliac arteries)

  13. 2 right lungs E. Circulation Through the Body 1. The heart functions as ___ separate pumps. a. The _______ side pumps blood to the ______. 1) This is __________________________. b. The _______ side pumps blood to the ______. 1) This is __________________________. pulmonary circulation left body systemic circulation

  14. right left atria F. Circulation through the Heart 1. Blood enters the heart through the ______ and _______ atria. a. As the _______ contract, blood is pushed into the ventricles. 1) Flaps of connective tissue called ________ keep blood from flowing _______ into the _______ where it came from. 2) Blood flowing from the _______ holds the ___________ and ___________ valves open. valves back chamber atria tricuspid mitral

  15. ventricles lungs aorta ventricles b. As the __________ contract, blood is forced into either the ________ or the ________. 1) When the _____________ contract, the valves close, which prevents blood from flowing back into the _______ while pushing the ____________ and ___________ valves open. atria aortic pulmonary

  16. Valves of the Heart

  17. Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium Figure 37-3 The Structures of the Heart Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood from each of the lungs to the left atrium Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Left Atrium Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Right Atrium Mitral Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium Right Ventricle Septum

  18. 2 atria ventricles G. Heartbeat 1. There are ____ networks of muscle fibers in heart: 1 in the _______, 1 in the __________. 2. Each __________ begins with the _________ _______. a) The SA node is located in the _______ ________. b) These cells are called the ____________ contraction sinoatrial node right atrium “pacemaker”

  19. atrioventricular node SA node atria 3. The electrical impulse moves from the ___________ to the fibers of the ________. 4. A new group of fibers called the __________________ _______ caries the impulse to the fibers of the ventricles. 5. The atria _________ together and the ventricles also contract at the ___________. contract same time

  20. The Sinoatrial Node Section 37-1 Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles Sinoatrial (SA) node Conducting fibers Atrioventricular (AV) node

  21. left oxygen left ventricle III. Blood Vessels A. Blood leaving the ______ side of the heart is filled with ___________. 1. When it leaves the _________________, the blood passes into a large vessel called the ___________. aorta

  22. 3 Arteries Capillaries Veins B. There are ____ types of blood vessels. 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ C. Arteries 1. __________ vessels that carry the blood from the ________ to the _________. a. Arteries have _______ walls to withstand the __________ from the heart contraction. Large heart body thick pressure

  23. Capillaries small 1 nutrients D. Capillaries 1. ____________ are the __________ blood vessels. a. The are only ___ cell thick. b. The thin walls allow for the __________ to pass to the tissues. E. Veins 1. ________ carry blood from the capillaries back to the _______. a. The veins must work ________________. 1) Many large veins contain _________. 2) __________ forces surrounding muscle tissue to ________ around the veins, pushing the blood up. Veins heart against gravity valves Exercise contract

  24. Capillaries

  25. Direction ofblood flowin vein Valve (closed) Valve (open) Skeletal muscle Blood Flow Through Veins

  26. How Veins Move Blood

  27. Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Section 37-1 Capillary Artery Vein Endothelium Arteriole Venule Connective tissue Connective tissue Smooth muscle Smooth muscle Endothelium Endothelium Valve

  28. contracts arterial walls relaxes reduces IV. Blood Pressure A. When the heart _________, it creates pressure in the _________________. B. When the heart ________, the pressure ________ but does not disappear. C. Blood pressure is taken with a device called a ____________________ and a stethoscope. 1. The first measurement (________) is taken when the pressure from the ventricles is felt on the arterial walls (first sound). 2. The second measurement (___________) is the force when the ventricles relax (smooth sound). sphygmomanometer systolic diastolic

  29. Connection: Measuring Blood Pressure can Reveal Cardiovascular Problems • Blood pressure is measured as systolic and diastolic pressures Blood pressure120 systolic80 diastolic(to be measured) Pressurein cuffabove120 Pressurein cuffbelow120 Pressurein cuffbelow 80 Rubber cuffinflated with air Soundsaudible instethoscope Soundsstop Arteryclosed Artery 2 3 4 1 Figure 23.10

  30. 120/80 high a. Normal blood pressure is _______. D. Blood pressure can be regulated in 2 ways. 1. When B.P. is too _______ the nervous system releases a ______________ which _______ the vessel walls. 2. When B.P. is too low, neurotransmitters are released that make the vessels ___________. 3. The __________ will also remove __________ from the blood which _________ the B.P. neurotransmitter relaxes contract kidneys water lowers

  31. V. Diseases of the Circulatory System • Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death in the U.S. A. The 2 major causes of cardiovascular disease are: 1. _____________________ a. High B.P. makes the heart work _____________. b. ________________ can increase the chance of ________________________. 2. _____________________ High Blood Pressure harder High B.P. heart attack and stroke Atherosclerosis

  32. coronary a. Atherosclerosis is dangerous to the ___________ arteries. b. If the artery becomes ________ by __________, oxygen and nutrients can’t get to the heart which can cause a heart attack. c. _______________ from atherosclerosis can break free and get stuck in a vessel leading to the brain. This is a ________. blocked plaque Blood clots stroke

  33. What is a heart attack? • A heart attack is damage that occurs when a coronary feeding the heart is blocked Aorta Rightcoronaryartery Leftcoronaryartery Blockage Dead muscle tissue Figure 23.8A

  34. prevent cure B. Circulatory System Health 1. Cardiovascular disease is easier to _________ than to ________. a. Ways to improve cardiovascular health 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ a. NO ____________ Exercise Balanced diet Avoiding smoking Low fat diet saturated fats

  35. Chapter 37-2 Blood and the Lymphatic System

  36. connective tissue specialized • Overview of Blood A. Type of ____________________. 1. Contains dissolved substances and _____________ cells. B. Blood is a ________________. 1. Wastes from ________. 2. ___________ from the lungs. 3. Nutrients from ____________________. collector tissues oxygen the digestive tract

  37. homeostasis temperature infection clots C. Blood help maintain ___________________. 1. Alters internal _________________. 2. Fights _____________. 3. Can form ______ to repair vessels. II. Blood Plasma - The human body contains _________ Liters of blood. - ______ of blood is _________. 4-6 55% plasma

  38. 90% Dissolved gases, salts nutrients, waste products, and plasma proteins A. Plasma Composition 1. _____ water/ 10% _____________________ ____________________________________. a. Plasma Proteins 1) ___________- transport substances and regulate _________________. 2) ___________- transport substances and _________________. 3) ___________- Used in _________ ____________. Albumins blood volume Globulins fight infection Fibrinogen blood clotting

  39. Red blood cells white blood cells platelets III. Blood Cells - _________________, _________________, and ____________ make up the cellular portion of blood. - Red blood cells: ___________________________ - White blood cells: _________________________ -Platelets: _______________________ Transport oxygen Perform a variety of functions Help in the clotting process

  40. erythrocytes numerous oxygen Hemoglobin A. Red blood cells (________________) 1. Red blood cells are the most _____________. 2. Transport ___________. a. ___________ gives blood cells their color. - Hemoglobin: __________ that contains _______ which ________________ in the lungs. Protein iron binds oxygen

  41. flexible hemoglobin organelles 3. Red blood cells are thin disks that are ___________. a. As ___________ fills the blood cell, the ____________ are forced out, so they have _______________! 4. Red blood cells live for about ________ a. Red blood cells are destroyed in the ____ or the __________. no nuclei 120 days liver spleen

  42. leukocytes hemoglobin red blood cells blood cells B. White Blood Cells (_____________) 1. Do not contain ______________. 2. Not as common as ___________________. a. Both ___________ are made in the ____________________. b. White blood cells have ___________. bone marrow’s stem cells nuclei Red blood cell White blood cell

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