1 / 10

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Pre-Industrial Society Mostly rural 3 field system Forces for change Growing population Need for more food. Agrarian Improvements. Enclosure movement Fencing around landowners property Landowners gained wealth; peasants became poorer Variation of crops

penney
Télécharger la présentation

Industrial Revolution

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Industrial Revolution • Pre-Industrial Society • Mostly rural • 3 field system • Forces for change • Growing population • Need for more food

  2. Agrarian Improvements • Enclosure movement • Fencing around landowners property • Landowners gained wealth; peasants became poorer • Variation of crops • Crop Rotation • Rotate crops • No more fallow fields • More crops, more food, more people • Advancements in farming tools – seed drill • New crops – corn and potato

  3. Dev. Of Capitalism and Early Industry • Goal of industrial production • lessen the unit cost of production through improved technology • Capitalism :incentive to the growing industries • Cottage Industry/Domestic System • textiles • Merchants supply; Women spin cloth • Effects • $$$ for new merchant class • $$$ for peasants • Products were cheaper

  4. The Rise of the Factory • Cottage Industry: could not keep up • New machines: too big to fit in home • Dev. Of Water frame • water =source of energy • Early factories located on water • Hundreds of workers under one roof • single pay scale • single, repetitive part of the production process • All decisions in the hands of the employer • Other power sources: coal and iron

  5. Britain: The Birthplace of the Revolution • Geography • Good climate, natural resources, separate from Europe and European conflicts • Government • trade, peasants movement, funding • Social Factors • Society: less rigid • Colonial Empire • raw materials and markets for goods • Advantages of Industrializing 1st • monopoly on technology • Effects of Textile Factories in Great Britain • Prices were lower • More jobs • Increased population • Urbanization • Immigration

  6. Steam Energy • James Watt (1760s) • Need for more power • Factories: now away from water • Requires coal • Increased mining, more jobs • Iron industry develops • Machinery, railways • Later: steel and the modernization of building • By 1860s, industry had spread to Belgium, France, Prussia, Italy, and the U.S.

  7. Spread of the Industrial Revolution • Industry spread slowly during the 18th & early 19th centuries • No other country had England’s combination of advantages • England protected industrial techniques as state secrets • Napoleon’s wars prevented Europe from industrializing

  8. Advancements • Transportation • Paved roads • Canals • Railroads (1829) • steam power • Effects: cheaper transportation, increased profit, fueled other industries • Engine – Daimler (1885) • Planes – Wright brothers (1903) • Communication • Telegraph – Morse (1837) • Telephone – Bell (1876) • Electricity • Edison – factories can now run at night

  9. Impact of Industrialization on Society • Dev. Of a working class • Poor factory conditions led to change in labor laws • Child labor • Inequality of labor • Dev. of Big Business, Corporations, Business Cycle • Led to organized labor and labor unions • Socialism and Communism • Karl Marx – history is a class struggle between the haves and the have-nots • The working class should seize control • The society as a whole would own everything

More Related