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Olympian Grammar

Olympian Grammar. Unit Two Latin One. Structural Grammar Objectives. I can: Recognize , translate, and write sentences with complementary infinitives Recognize and translate second declension nouns including neuter nouns and use them in my reading and writing

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Olympian Grammar

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  1. Olympian Grammar Unit Two Latin One

  2. Structural Grammar Objectives • I can: • Recognize, translate, and write sentences with complementary infinitives • Recognize and translate second declension nouns including neuter nouns and use them in my reading and writing • Recognize agreement between a first and second declension adjective and its modified nouns • Recognize and translate present passive indicative verbs for the first and second conjugations

  3. Structural Grammar Objectives • I can: • Use the ablative of agent to show who performs a passive verb in my reading and writing • Use the ablative of means to show how the instrument/means used to complete an action • Recognize and translate the present tense of possum and use it with a complementary infinitive in my reading and writing

  4. Second Declension Masculine • What is a declension? • How can you tell the declension? • Second declension masculine nouns end with “us/’er/ir” on the nominative singular, and “i” on the genitive singular. • You find the base by removing the “i” • Look through your vocabulary lists for Unit One and Unit Two and make a list of the 2nd declension nouns. Then write the base for each.

  5. Unit One and Two Second Declension masculine nouns and bases • Vir, virivir • Puer, pueripuer • Dominus, dominidomin • Servus, serviserv • Deus, dei de • Nuntius, nuntiinunti

  6. Second Declension Masculine Characters • Gaius, Gaii • Titus, Titi • Marcus, Marci • Sextus, Sexti • Publius, Publii • Lucius, Lucii • Glaucus, Glauci • *Apollodorus, Apollodori Marcus’ new tutor

  7. Using Second Declension Masculine Nouns • The case rules are the same as they were for first declension. ( Yes, we will be adding new uses with every unit). • Review your case rules. • However, you will have new endings which can only be used on second declension nouns

  8. Nominative • Subject with an active verb: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Predicate nominative __________________________________________________________________________ • Subject with a passive verb ________________________________________________________________________________

  9. Genitive • Possession: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  10. Dative • Indirect object: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • To/for ________________________________________________________________________ • With necesseest ________________________________________________________________________________

  11. Accusative • Direct object _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Place to __________________________________________________________________________ • With prepositions _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  12. Ablative • Place where __________________________________________________________________________ • Place From __________________________________________________________________________ • Special prepositions SIDSPACE ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  13. Ablative • Means _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Personal Agent _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • When ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  14. Vocative • Direct address _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  15. 2nd Declension masculine • Singular plural • Nominative us/eri • Genitive iorum • Dative o is • Accusative um os • Ablative o is • Vocative e/i/eri

  16. Practice: Complete the charts • Nom. Puer _________ deus _________ • Gen pueri ________ dei _________ • Dat ____ ________ _______ ______ • Acc_______ ________ _______ ______ • Abl _______ ________ _______ ______

  17. Reading with Second Declension: Write out the translation. • MarcusestRomanuspuer. • Titus estMarci frater et Gaiusest Marci pater. • Marcus in peristylioamatcurrere (to run). • Marcus non iam (no longer) matremhabetsedMarcisoror Claudia puerumcurat. • Hodie(today) Apollodorusnovuspaedagogus (new tutor) Marcumdocet (teaches) in villā. • Marcus fabulas(stories ) deorum et dearumdiscit (learns).

  18. Translation Grading: It’s not all or nothing • Marcus est • Romanuspuer • Titus est • Marci frater • Et Gaius est • Marci pater • Marcus amatcurrere • In peristylio • Marcus non iamhabetmatrem • Sed Marci soror Claudia • Curatpuerum • HodieApollodorusnovuspaedagogus • Docet Marcum • In villa • Marcus discit • Fabulasdeorum et dearum

  19. Identifying Cases: Give the case for each second declension noun from the paragraph and the reason • Marcus • Puer • Marci • Gaius • Peristylio • Marci • Puerum • Paedagogus • Marcum • deorum

  20. Writing with Second Declension: write the Latin for each sentence below. • 1. Titus is a man. • 2. Titus loves Marcus. • 3. Titus has a slave. • 4. Titus’ slave is Sextus. • 5. In the garden ( hortus, horti m.) Sextus works.

  21. Subject verb agreement with 2nd declension masculine • Remember the rule: Singular subjects have singular verbs (t); plural subjects have plural verbs. (nt) For each verb below, choose the correct subject. • 1. amabulantpuerpueri • 2. amatnuntiusnuntii • 3. laborantserviservus • 4. laudatdominusdomini • 5. habentdeideus

  22. Second declension neuter

  23. Recognizing Second Declension Neuter • Within second declension, there is a special group of neuter nouns. • Neuter means neither masculine nor feminine. • These nouns end with “um” on the nominative singular, and “i” on the genitive singular. • The base is found by removing the “i’

  24. Finding 2nd declension neuter nouns • Make a list from Unit One and Unit two of the 2nd declension neuter nouns and their bases. • Atrium, atrii n. Atri • Cubiculum, cubiculi n. Cubicul • Peristylium, peristylii n peristyli • Triclinium, triclinii n. Triclini • Caelum, caeli n. Cael • Vinum, vini n. vin

  25. Templum, templi n. Templ • Donum, doni n. Don • Sacrificiumsacrificii n. Sacrifici • Oleum, olei n. Ole • Bellum, belli n. bell

  26. Case Usage for 2nd declension neuter nouns • The case uses are the same as for any other noun. Refer to your case summary. • Yes, you have new endings somewhat because of the NEUTER RULE: • ALL NEUTER NOUNS REPEAT THEIR NOMINATIVE SINGULAR FOR THEIR ACCUSATIVE SINGULAR AND VOCATIVE SINGULAR. • ALL NEUTER NOUNS END WITH “A” FOR NOMINATIVE PLURAL, ACCUSATIVE PLURAL, AND VOCATIVE PLURAL.

  27. 2nd Declension Neuter • Singular plural • Nominative um a • Genitive iorum • Dative o is • Accusative um a • Ablative o is • Vocative um a

  28. Making Neuter Nouns • Complete these charts. • Nom bellum _______ templum ______ • Gen belli ______ templi_________ • Dat ______ _____ _____ _______ • Acc ______ _____ ______ _______ • Abl ______ _____ ______ _______ • Voc ______ ______ ______ _______

  29. Writing With Neuter Nouns: use the charts and voc list to translate these. • 1. The gods do not live in temples. • 2. The Romans love wars. • 3. There is a temple on the house. • 4. The god of war is Mars. • 5. We give sacrifices at the temple.

  30. The Problem with Neuter nouns • Why is it a problem that the nominative and the accusative are the same? • How can you tell them apart? • Remember singular subjects have singular verbs, and plural subjects have plural verbs. Therefore, if the neuter noun ends with “a” but the verb ends with “t”, it can’t be the subject/nominative, or if the neuter noun ends with “um” and the verb ends with “nt”, it can’t be the subject/nominative. • Otherwise you have to try it both ways to see if it makes sense.

  31. Practice with nominative versus accusative neuters • Read each sentence and tell whether the neuter noun is nominative or accusative. • 1. Viribellaamant. • 2. TemplumVestaeest magnum. • 3. Bellum puellamterret. • 4. Paramus bellum. • 5. Romani templahabent.

  32. Reading with Neuters • Read the passage below and answer the questions. Quote your text evidence to support your answers. • For every marked second declension noun (masculine and neuter nouns are marked), tell the case and reason.

  33. Marcus Does his Homework • Marcus in peristylio cum paedagogoApollodore et caneFerocesedet. Marcus non amatlaboraresedApollodorusdicit: “ Narrasfabulastriumdeorum.” • Marcus respondet,” Tresdei! Suntmultaefabulaedeorum. Quideustibiplacet?” • Apollodorus: “ Necesseestamareomnesdeos, Marce. Necesseesttimereomnesdeos.” • Paedagogo/tutor; cane/dog; dicit/says;fabulas/stories; trium/three; tres/three; multaefabulae/many stories; qui/which; tibi/to you; omnes/all

  34. Marcus: Necesseestfaceresacrificiaomnibus deis. Amosacrificiain templis. Suntmultaanimalia et populiubique!” • Apollodorus: “ Narrastresfabulasdeorumnunc! Meum tempus est non tuumsacrificium!” • Marcus est non laetussednarratfabulastres. • Omnibus/all; animalia et populiubique/animals and people everywhere; tresfabulas/three stories; meum tempus/my time; tuum/your

  35. Mars • “Mars estdeus belli. Iuppiter et Iunosuntparentesdei belli. Vulcanusest frater dei belli. • Mars bellaamat. Estmagnusdeus. Romani sacrificiaMartisfaciunt quod Romani bellaparant. Habetmultatempla. Habetgladiumet scutum et galeam et tela. Paratpugnarebellumsemper. Graecideum belli non amantsedamo non Graecos. Amodeum belli.” • Iupiter et Iuno/jupiter and juno; gladium et scutum et galeam et tela/sword, shield, helmet, and weapons; Graeci, Graecos/Greeks

  36. Apollodorus: “ Sum Graecus.” • Marcus: “ Scio.” • Apollodorusest non iratus. “ escalliduspuer,Marce. Nuncnarrasfabulam de Venere et Marte.” • Marcus narrat: • Graecus/Greek; Scio/I know; nunc/now; fabulam/story; Venere et Marte/Venus and Mars

  37. Venus, Vulcanus, et Mars • “Venus estdeaamoris. VulcanusestvirVenerissed Venus Martemamat. Vulcanus non placetVeneri quod deusest non pulcher. Vulcanusest non laetus quod Venus et Mars sunt in cubiculosaepe. • SedVulcanusestcallidus. Retemfacit et supra lectumponit. Ubi Venus et Mars sunt in lecto, rete capiteos. Dei et deaecubiculumintrant et ridentMartem et Venerem. Suntmiseri et irati. DeniqueVulcanusretemremovit et Mars ambulat e cubiculo. • Amoris/love; saepe/often; retem, rete/net; lectum, lecto/bed;capiteos/traps them; rident/mock; denique/finally; removit/removes

  38. Vulcanussemper ignoscetfeminaequod pulchramdeamamat. DonafacitVenerisfiliis ex alterisviris. Vulcanusestbenignusdeus.” • Semper ignoscet/always forgives; alteris/other; benignus/kind

  39. CQTE Marcus does his Homework • 1. Who is Apollodorus? • A. • B. • 2. What is Marcus’ assignment? • A. • B. • 3. What does Marcus ask Apollodorus? • A. • B.

  40. 4. What two things does Apollodorus say about the gods? • A. • B. • C. • D. • 5. What is Marcus’ response? • A. • B.

  41. 6. What does Marcus love? Why? • A. • B • C. • D. • 7. What does Apollodorus say is not a sacrifice for Marcus? • A. • B.

  42. 8. Who is Mars? • A. • B. • 9. Who are is relatives? • A. • B. • 10. What does he love? • A. • B.

  43. 11. Why do Romans sacrifice to him? • A. • B. • 12. What does he have? • A • B • 13. How do Greeks feel about him? • A. • B.

  44. 14. How does Marcus insult Apollodorus? • A. • B. • 15. Who is Venus? • A. • B. • 16. What is her connection to Vulcan? • A. • B.

  45. 17. Whom does she love? • A. • B. • 18. Why is Vulcan not happy? • A . • B. • 19. What does he do about the problem? • A. • B.

  46. 20. What do the gods and goddesses do? • A. • B. • 21. Why does he always forgive his wife? • A. • B. • 22. What kind thing does he often do? • A. • B.

  47. Case identification: give case and reason for each marked 2nd declension noun. • 1. peristylio • 2. deorum • 3. deos • 4. sacrificia • 5. templis • 6. sacrificium • 7. deus • 8. belli

  48. 9. belli • 10. dei • 11. bella • 12. sacrificia • 13. bella • 14. templa • 15. bellum • 16. deum

  49. 17. puer • 18. Vulcanus • 19. deus • 20. cubiculo • 21. dei • 22. cubiculum • 23. cubiculo • 24. dona • 25. viris

  50. Check using case cards. • Remind can only be one thing in a sentence, must use context

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