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Spain in the 1500s

Spain in the 1500s. General overview. Highlights from the 1500s. 1501-04 1503-06 1510 1517 1519-21 1530 1531 1535 1537-41 1543 1565 1566/68 1568 1571 1582 1588 1596 1597. David created by Michelangelo Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo Pocket watch invented

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Spain in the 1500s

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  1. Spain in the 1500s General overview

  2. Highlights from the 1500s 1501-04 1503-06 1510 1517 1519-21 1530 1531 1535 1537-41 1543 1565 1566/68 1568 1571 1582 1588 1596 1597 David created by Michelangelo Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo Pocket watch invented Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis Cortés defeats the Aztec empire End of persecution of conversos by the Spanish Inquisition Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico Henry VIII declares himself head of the Church of England Sistine Chapel: The Last Judgment (Michelangelo) Copernicus publishes his heliocentric model Graphite pencil invented Start of the Dutch Revolt (end: 1581 de facto; 1648 de jure) Bottled beer invented in London Battle of Lepanto: the Spanish Armada defeats the Otomans Gregorian calendar adopted Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English First flush toilet designed by J. Harrington; Elizabeth I is 1st client Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is published

  3. People of the 16th Century (Europe) Rulers and Religious Figures Henry VIII (England) Catharine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Elizabeth I (England) Charles V (Spain and Holy Roman Empire) Phillip II (Spain) Ivan the Terrible (Russia) Boris Godunov (Russia) Martin Luther John Calvin Erasmus of Rotterdam Ignatius of Loyola Teresa of Ávila Artists, Philosophers, Scientists, Adventurers Thomas More Francis Bacon Machiavelli Copernicus Galileo Galilei Tycho Brahe Michelangelo Kepler Titian Benvenuto Cellini El Greco Leonardo Da Vinci Cortés Pizarro Francis Drake Magellan Vasco Da Gama Rabelais Giordano Bruno Lope de Vega Cervantes Marlowe Shakespeare

  4. The Rise of Monarchial States The idea of unified nation-states began to develop during the Early Modern period in Northern and Western Europe. These nation states were monarchial: governed by a king. They began to replace the feudal kingships of the Middle Ages. Prior to the 1500's the King was not an absolute ruler, but rather governed with the consent of his nobles. However, the notion that the King's rule is by Divine Rights was taken to a new height, and the power of the monarch now became absolute.

  5. Characteristics of absolutist monarchies • Growing Bureaucratization: More and more is the need to have a centralized state. • Growing need to tax: Antagonisms based on nationalist agendas add new reasons for war. In order to pay for the armies and for the wars, monarchy needs taxes. • Existence of a Permanent Mercenary Army: Due to wars, there’s a need for armies

  6. Absolutist regimes and piracy The effects can be contradictory: • Bureaucratization and taxation underlined the decision to outlaw international trade in China, and engendered piracy on the East coast • The need for mercenary soldiers/armies can lead to an increase in privateering (this happened) • The need for control over resources, commercial flow, and social organization usually leads to a need for greater regulation. As a result, a concentrated effort would be made to eliminate the “disrupting factors” (this also happened)

  7. EXAMPLE OF Absolutism: Spain Phillip II was a classic example: • Used the profit from the new world colonies to grow his wealth and consolidate his power • Expandedthe Spanish empire • Justified expansion with the spread Catholicism: allied with the pope • Attacked England to get rid of protestant Queen Elizabeth • Spain was weakened after his rule – too much spent on wars

  8. Consequences of Absolutism Intellectual, social, and demographic challenges set the stage for uprisings, revolts, wars and revolutions in Europe and its colonies

  9. Spain: highlights 1492-1506 Columbus voyages; death of Columbus 1508 Ponce de León in Puerto Rico 1511 King Ferdinand of Spain said: "Get gold, humanely if possible, but at all hazards – get gold." 1510-1550 Gold shipments from the New world 3,000 pounds a year. 1513 Ponce de León in Florida 1514 Conquering of Cuba; settling in Panama 1515 Fray Bartolomé de las Casas pleads for the Indians 1517 Francisco Fernández de Cordoba discovers the Mayans of the Yucatán

  10. SPAIN: Highlights 1521 War with France. Spain prevails 1527 German and Spanish troops under Charles V sack Rome; end of the Renaissance 1540 Cabeza de Vaca in of Rio de la Plata: governor and advocate for Indian rights 1541 Founding of Santiago de Chile; Ignatius of Loyola 1st superior general of the Jesuits; Pizarro murdered in Perú 1551 Philip II appointed by Charles V as heir to the throne 1555 English Parliament refuses to recognize Philip of Spain as king 1557 World’s first sovereign bankruptcy following the indulgence of Genoese Lenders for Philip II

  11. Spain: highlights 1567 Duke of Alba and the riots in the Netherlands 1569 Pilip II ordered the Inquisition in America 1571 Battle of Lepanto 1580 Duke of Alba invades Portugal, Portugal submits in 1581 1581 Death of Bernal Díaz del Castillo, author of the True History of the Conauqest of New Spain 1588 Spanish Armada defeated by England 1598 Philip II dies

  12. Classics

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