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Feature Level Processing

Feature Level Processing. Lessons from low-level vision Applications in Highlighting Icon (symbol) design Glyph design. Spotfire product. Visual symbols. Architecture for visual thinking. Primitives of Perception (the phonemes). The whole visual field is processed in parallel

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Feature Level Processing

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  1. Feature Level Processing • Lessons from low-level vision • Applications in Highlighting • Icon (symbol) design • Glyph design

  2. Spotfire product

  3. Visual symbols

  4. Architecture for visual thinking

  5. Primitives of Perception (the phonemes). • The whole visual field is processed in parallel • This machinery tells us what kinds of information are easily distinguished • Popout effects (general attention) • Segmentation effects (dividing up the visual field)

  6. Segmentation by Primitive Features

  7. Livingston and HubelNeural Architecture

  8. Orientation and Size(Gabor primitives)

  9. Image segmentation based on texture

  10. Vector fields like using gabors

  11. Pre-Attentive Processing

  12. Color is Pre-Attentive (Pops out)

  13. Generic Pre-Attentive Experiment • Number of irrelevant items varies • Pre-attentive 10 msec per item or better.

  14. Color

  15. Orientation

  16. Motion

  17. Size

  18. Simple shading

  19. Conjunction (does not pop out)

  20. Semantic Depth of Field

  21. Compound features (do not pop out)

  22. Surrounded colors do not pop out

  23. Laws of pre attentive display • Must stand out on some simple dimension • color, • simple shape = orientation, size • motion, • depth • Lessons for highlighting – one of each

  24. Lessons: Highlighting how to make information available to attention Using color Using underlining A flying box leads attention Blinking momentarily attracts attention Blinking momentarily attracts attention Motion elicits an orienting response

  25. More Pre-Attentive

  26. Conjunction (does not pop out)

  27. Pre-attentive conjunction

  28. Conjunctions of motion and shape do pop out. (color also?) • McLeod, P., Driver, J. and Crisp, J. (1988) Visual search for a conjunction of movement and form is parallel. Nature 332, 154-155. • Driver, J., MacLeod, P. and Dienes, Z. (1992) Motion coherence and conjunction search: Implications for guided search theory. Perception and Psychophysics. 51, 1, 79-85.

  29. MEGraph: Experimental system • Allows for various topological range highlighting methods MEGraph Goal from 30 to 2000 nodes

  30. Pre-Attentive Channels • Form (orientation/size) • Color • Simple motion/blinking • Addition/numerosity (up to 3) • Spatial, stereo depth, shading, position

  31. Pre-Attentive Conjunctions • Stereo and color • Color and motion • Color and position • Shape and position • In general: spatial location and some aspect of form

  32. Pre-Attentive Lessons • Rapid visual search (10 msec/item) • Easy to attend to • Makes symbols distinct • Based on simple visual attributes • Faces, etc are not pre-attentive

  33. Designing symbols

  34. Perceptual Channels • Color (3) • Shape (size, orient) • Motion (2?) • Texture (2++) • Position (x,y)

  35. Spatial Channels Like interferes with like

  36. Size contrast effect

  37. Orient contrast

  38. Size contrast effects can cause errors in information display

  39. Chris Weigle: orientation channels for info display

  40. Position (2) Orientation (1) Size (spatial frequency) Motion (2)++ Blinking? Color (3) Note we have the problem of heterogeneity – There is no good solution Mapping data to display variablesData glyphs Star glyph Method

  41. Starplot glyph

  42. Spotfire product

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