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Napoleon & Nationalism

Napoleon & Nationalism. Napoleon’s Reforms / Empire Congress of Vienna Revolutions in Latin America Nationalist Revolutions in Europe. Rise of Napoleon. 1. Saves Government from uprising 2. Seen as a National Hero with victories in Europe 3. Coup de Tat in 1799 over Directory

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Napoleon & Nationalism

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  1. Napoleon & Nationalism Napoleon’s Reforms / Empire Congress of Vienna Revolutions in Latin America Nationalist Revolutions in Europe

  2. Rise of Napoleon 1. Saves Government from uprising 2. Seen as a National Hero with victories in Europe 3. Coup de Tat in 1799 over Directory 4. Plebiscite (vote of people) for a New Constitution 5. Napoleon had all real power

  3. Napoleon’s Actions 1. Fairer Taxes 2. Stopped corruption in government with Lycees 3. Concordat with Pope / Clergy gained more power 4. Napoleonic Code (code of laws) 5. 1804 becomes Emperor 6. Not content as Emperor of France, wants to control Europe

  4. Napoleon Creates an Empire1807-1812 • After becoming emperor of France, Napoleon looks to expand France’s empire in Europe • Napoleon had unpredictable strategies that crushed opposition • Lost only one major battle to British, Battle of Trafalgar (Horatio Nelson) • 1812- greatest extent of Napoleon’s empire (only lasted 5 years)

  5. Napoleon Empire Collapses3 Costly Mistakes • The Continental System (blockade) • Peninsular War (Guerillas) • Invasion of Russia (Scorched Earth Policy)

  6. Napoleon Empire Collapses1815 • Napoleon is defeated at battle of Liepzig (sent to Elba) • The Hundred Days and the Battle of Waterloo • Sent to St. Helena (died in 1821) • Legacy of Napoleon ???

  7. Congress of Vienna • European Leaders meet to bring peace and stability to Europe • Klemens von Metternich of Austria, most influential leader • Has 3 Goals Containment of France Balance of Power Legitimacy

  8. Congress of Vienna Legacy • Victory for Monarchies / (France and Great Britain only Constitutional Monarchies) • Nations afraid of Revolutions Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria, Prussia) Concert of Europe (not a success) • Values of French Revolution eventually spread throughout Europe

  9. Latin American Independence • Haiti, first territory to free itself from European rule • Toussaint L’Ouverture begins movement for indepencence • Independence achieved under Jean-Jacques Dessalines

  10. Latin American Society • Peninsulares- men born in Spain • Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America • Mestizo’s- persons of European/Indian ancestry • Mulattos- persons of European/African society • Africans • Indians

  11. Causes of Latin American uprisings • Unfair Latin American hierarchy • Creoles / Enlightenment ideas • Creoles / New King of Spain

  12. South American Independence • Simon Bolivar (Venezuela) • San Martin (Argentina) • December 9th 1824, battle of Ayachucho • Dom Pedro (Brazil)

  13. Mexican Independence • September 16th 1810, Padres Miguel Hidalgo and the Grito de Dolores • 1811 Jose Maria Morelos leads rebels (defeated in 1815) • 1821 Austin de Iturbide declares independence in 1821 • United Provinces of Central America declared independence in 1823

  14. Nationalism Changes Europe • Loyalty not to King/Empire but to a nation of people with common culture/history • 1830 Greece wins independence from Ottoman Empire • Failed Revolutions of 1848

  15. Nationalism Changes Europe • France • 1848 Paris mob overturns monarchy and establishes a republic • Election of Louis Napoleon • Took on title of emperor • Russia • Russia behind Europe • Alexander II frees the serfs in 1861 • Alexander III tightens Czar control but helps to modernize Russia

  16. Bonds of a Nation-State

  17. Nationalism Shakes 3 Empires • Austria-Hungarian Empire • Composed of Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, Slavs and Italians • Russian Empire • Composed of Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Jews, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, and Turks • Russification • Ottoman Empire • Composed of Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians and Armenians • 1856 Equal citizenship was granted

  18. Italy creates a nation state • 1848, Giuseppe Mazzini tries to create a republican government • Camillo di Cavour • Alliance with France to unite Northern Italy • General Garibaldi unites Southern Italy • Challenges after Unification • Rome becomes seat of government • Tensions among provinces • Language • Economics

  19. Germany creates a nation state • Otto Van Bismark • Master of Realpolitik • War to mold a state • War with Dutch for Schleswig and Holstein • 7 weeks war with Austria • Franco-Prussian War • Second Reich is born • Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser Wilhelm

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