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Historical Geology

Historical Geology. Nicholas Steno b. 1638, d. 1686. Danish Geologist and Stratigrapher Developed “Principle of Original Horizontality”: All rock layers are flat unless otherwise disturbed.

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Historical Geology

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  1. Historical Geology

  2. Nicholas Stenob. 1638, d. 1686 • Danish Geologist and Stratigrapher • Developed “Principle of Original Horizontality”: All rock layers are flat unless otherwise disturbed. • Developed the Law of Superposition: That oldest layers are on the bottom and youngest layers are on top. • Developed “Cross-Cutting Relationships Principles”: States that if a body of rock cuts through another body of rock, the first body of rock must be younger.

  3. James Huttonb. 1726, d. 1797 • Scottish naturalist and geologist • Considered the “father of modern geology.” • Uniformitarianism: The present is the key to the past. • Developed ideas of Geologic Time and “Deep Time.” • Further developed “Principles of Cross-Cutting Relationships” • Gradualism vs. Catastrophism

  4. Charles Lyellb. 1797, d. 1875 • Wrote “Principles of Geology” • Friend of Charles Darwin • Inspired by James Hutton • Synthesized ideas from Steno, Hutton, and Darwin. • Solidified the Theory of Uniformitarianism.

  5. Charles Darwinb. 1809, d. 1882 • English Naturalist • Studied Geology with Charles Lyell • HMS Beagle • Wrote: On the Origin of Species in which he proposes the idea of evolution that results from natural selection. • Later accepted as the Theory of Evolution • Darwin’s ideas revolutionized geology and paleontology (study of fossils and past life).

  6. Geologic Time (Deep Time) • Deep Time: The idea that Earth must be extremely old in order for geologic processes and evolution to occur. • Earth is now dated at 4.6 billion years old through radiometric dating of meteorites.

  7. Geologic Timescale

  8. In Groups, put these events in order from first (oldest) to last (most recent). • First Fishes • First Land Plants • First Trees • First Grasses • First Reptiles • First Amphibians • First Dinosaurs • First Mammals • First Primates • First Birds • First Flowering Plants • Evolution of Humans

  9. Geologic Eras • Paleozoic: Means “Ancient Life.” • -Age of Fishes • -Cambrian Explosion (life evolved at an alarming rate during this period) • -Ended with Permian-Triassic Extinction • Mesozoic: Means “Middle Life.” • -Age of Reptiles or Age of Dinosaurs • -Mammals appeared at this time. • -Ended with Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Extinction • Cenozoic: Means “New Life.” • -Age of Mammals • -Evolution of Humans

  10. All of Earth’s History in 24 Hours

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