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Bellringer

Bellringer. What are some American values? Think of things that everyone agrees are good, like “fairness”. Agenda. The First Greeks Foundations of Greek Culture Ancient Greek Values. Objectives. Students will be able to…

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • What are some American values? • Think of things that everyone agrees are good, like “fairness”

  2. Agenda • The First Greeks • Foundations of Greek Culture • Ancient Greek Values

  3. Objectives Students will be able to… 36. Identify the foundations of Greek values and culture, including the Minoans and Mycenaeans.

  4. Objective #36 Ancient Greece • Most historians consider Ancient Greece to be the foundation of our culture today • Understanding Ancient Greece is essential for understanding ourselves • But where did Ancient Greek culture come from?

  5. The First Greeks

  6. The Minoans • Civilization based on the island of Crete • Capital at Knossos

  7. Where is Ancient Greece?

  8. Where is Crete?

  9. Minoan Civilization • Named after King Minos • You read about him… • Dominant in Mediterranean trade from 2000 to 1400 BCE • Not quite Greek, but Greek-like

  10. Palace at Knossos

  11. Grand Staircase

  12. Theater

  13. Plumbing 6 miles of interlocking pipes to bring water from the mountain

  14. Art (frescos)

  15. Minoans Collapse • Recover from disaster in 1700 BCE • Can’t recover from earthquakes and volcanic eruption in 1470 BCE • Probably invaded from mainland Greece

  16. Cultural Diffusion! • Minoans trade throughout Mediterranean • Mainland Greece (Europe) • Asia Minor • Egypt • Spread pottery techniques, religion, and maybe language

  17. Then, the Mycenaeans • Nomads settle in Greece, borrow cultural ideas from the Minoans, and probably invade Crete • Mycenaeans • Take over Mediterranean trade • Fall to nomadic invaders around 1200 BCE

  18. The Mycenaeans

  19. Before they die… • The Mycenaeans create Greek culture • Language • Religion/mythology • Art and literature • They also fight the Trojan War

  20. What are some similarities between the Mycenaeans and Minoans? Pre-Greek Civilizations Both conquered Both dominated Mediterranean trade

  21. Foundations of Greek Culture

  22. Stories • Greek culture is based on stories • Mythology, stories about the world, the gods, and the past • The Homeric Epics (Iliad and Odyssey), stories about heroes • About what it means to be Greek

  23. Homeric Epics • Epic = long poem about a hero, important to a culture • Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE • Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time)

  24. The Iliad • A story about the Trojan War • A prince (Paris) from Troy in Asia Minor captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king • A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae • How big was the army?

  25. The Iliad • After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city • How? • Learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders

  26. The Odyssey • After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king named Odysseus tries to go home, but angers the gods • It takes him 10 years and many trials to reach his wife and son • Learn about Greek life at home, what they value in husbands and fathers

  27. The Odyssey • Some of Odysseus’ trials • Circe, who turns men into animals • Cannibals • The Sirens’ call • A visit to Hades • Cyclopes • Scylla and Charybdis

  28. Not Just Stories • Homeric epics are more than stories, they are history • Everything was bigger and everyone was stronger and better • This shapes how Greeks view themselves and what they value

  29. What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic poem? They both have a hero Both display important Greek values Both still part of Greek culture

  30. Lion’s Gate

  31. Cyclopean Walls

  32. Ancient Greek Values

  33. Greek Values • Respect the gods • Family • Arete (valor or virtue) • Agon (competition) • Kleosaphthiton(undying glory)

  34. Respect the Gods • The gods are like high schoolers • Jealous • Petty • Easily angered • And they hold grudges • Don’t make them angry, or you will pay • Myths tell you how to act • Rule #5

  35. The Tale of Croesus • Herodotus: the world’s first historian • Croesus: the king of Lydia, the most powerful kingdom in Western Asia

  36. Where is Lydia? Persia Lydia Greece

  37. The Oracles • Oracles can see the future • Most famous oracle was at Delphi • Locals will allow you to ask questions of the oracle…for a price Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi

  38. Oracle at Delphi

  39. A Mighty Empire Falls • The Lydian Empire!

  40. A Mule is Monarch • It was Cyrus! • “the mule cited in the oracle is Cyrus himself, who was born from parents of different peoples and different social stations.”

  41. The Lessons • Oracles are vague and must be interpreted carefully • Hubris (excessive pride) will bring you down

  42. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #6 If you act like you can’t lose, you will

  43. Family • Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members • Examples: • Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother • Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

  44. Arete • Your value or worth, your moral excellence • Examples: • Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey • Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence

  45. Agon • Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation. The Greeks love to compete • Examples: • Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey • Olympic Games

  46. KleosAphthiton • Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Ancient Greeks was to be remembered forever • Examples: • Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died • Kings trying to be the most powerful • Olympic athletes • Spartan warriors

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