Chapter 5 : theories & therapies

1. Chapter 5 : theories & therapies

3. Theory : statement that describe or explains relationship among events ,concept ,or ideas • Early theory : appear through observation &deducation ,while modern theory based on observation & research • -with theory we should use model • Model : an example or pattern that help explain atheory • e.g : amodel of airplan used to explain theory of flight

4. benefits of model & theory on human life ; • -they explain their behavior • 2-describe psychodynamic of; • basic needs • drives • conflict • perception • values • attitude • belief system • cultural influences • 3-describe the relation ship among people • 4-explain various aspect of human life & environment

6. Historical theory : • 1-darwans theory • - based on concept that nature will throw the weak & preserve the strongالبقاء للأقوى • Whose the weak individual : • 1-unsuccessful in his life • 2-poverty • 3- diseased • 4-alcholism • 5- mental illness

7. Psychoanalytic theory : • Sigmund freud • He explain that the individual through his emotion & thoughts away in the area of unconscious because it willcause harmful sensation to them • -also patient is unaware of his behavior • He focus on • 1- personality • 2-certain emotional disorder • 3-defence mechanism

8. Brain structure formed by three structure Id –ego –super ego

9. Id : governed by pleasure principle & avoidance of pain • Ego: conscious mind at 2 years old • Superego :last to develop • Concern with • Attitude • Values • Role expectation • Taboos • Rules • Ideals • Standards

10. Two parts of superego ; • 1-conscience ( punishment & rewards ) • 2-un conscience conflict present & superego intervene

11. Also he focus on libido energy ( sexual desire 0 • He describe defense mechanism as psychological strategies c • By which person reduce or avoid negative state such as conflict ,frustration ,anxiety & stress • -individual not aware of using these defense mechanism • The goal of using defense mechanism : • To reduce uncomfortable negative emotions • Individual psychotherapy

12. Inferiority ; • Being inadequate or less than others • Children : gain mastery over the environment • Cognitive development ( piaget ): • Focus on intellectual function • انظر • table 5-2

13. behavioral THEORY : Pavlov • all behavior is learned • source of behavior ; • past learning • current motivation • biological differences • when behavior show success it reinforced & repeated

14. dysfunctional behavior :result from learned maladaptive behavior • characteristics of behavior : • objective • observable • measurable • all behavior is response to stimuli • *psychosocial development (erikson stages ) • (table 5-3) • -stimuls response theory • Gestalt theory whole theory

15. Maslow hierarchy of needs ( 5-1) figure • Box 5-1 • Logo therapy: persons need to search for meaning & value for life • Cognitive theory • To know • Box 5-2 ( problem solving process ) Sociocultural theory

16. Biobehavioral theory :follow the medical model (illness is the result of abnormalities in the structure ,function ,or chemistry of the body • History ,physical examination ,laboratory test ,ct ,ecg ,mri assist in diagnosis • Stress adapatation theory • Which include general adaptation syndrome in the three stages • 1-alarm • 2- resistance • 3-exhaustion ( figure 5-2

17. Psychobiology • The study of biochemical foundation of thought mood ,emotion ,& behavior • -learn ABOUT MOOD DISORDER • Schizophrenia ,language disorder • -mental illness relate to • Gentics • Neurotransmitter hypo or hyperactivity • Viruses exposure • Fetal development • Immunosystem dysfunction • @ neuropsychology • @psychoneuro-immunology (PNI)

18. Psychotherapy ; • Treating of mental & emotional disorder by psychological rather than physical means • psychoanalysis • behavioral theapies • cognitive therapies • crisis intervention • hypnosis • types of psychotherapy • individual therapies • client centerd therapy • group therapies

19. on line therapy   • somatic therapy • pharmacotherapy